An evaluation of the Trail Making Test.

Orgel, Sidney A.; McDonald, Robert D.

doi:10.1037/h0024216

Cited by 36 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…These data give further support for other studies, e.g., Davies (1%8), Orgel and McDonald ( 1967), that indicate the need to make corrections for Trail Making Test subjects as has been done in conversion of Wechsler raw scores to age-corrected standard scores. These data give further support for other studies, e.g., Davies (1%8), Orgel and McDonald ( 1967), that indicate the need to make corrections for Trail Making Test subjects as has been done in conversion of Wechsler raw scores to age-corrected standard scores.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Diagnostic Efficiency of the Trail Making Test as a Function of Cut-off Score, Diagnosis, and Age

Gordon

1978

Percept Mot Skills

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This study is a reinvestigation of the effectiveness of the Trail Making Test in discriminating between brain-damaged (n = 51) and pseudoneurologic (n = 72) subjects. All subjects were hospitalized male veterans at the Allen Park Veterans Administration Hospital. An analysis of covariance showed that the pseudoneurologic subjects performed at a significantly higher level than the brain-damaged subjects. Further analysis with two different cut-off scores exhibited unequal discriminatory power throughout the whole range of Trail Making Test scores. These results suggested diagnosing only when the scores were 9 or lower and 13 or higher. This use of extreme scores resulted in an over-all hit rate of 87% in the study. Comparisons with five major subgroupings of the pseudoneurologic subjects yielded only one significant difference: more accurate discrimination with the 12 cut-off score between 10 general-medical and peripheral nerve-damaged subjects (100% correct) and 18 psychotic subjects (39% accuracy).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Diagnostic Efficiency of the Trail Making Test as a Function of Cut-off Score, Diagnosis, and Age

Gordon

1978

Percept Mot Skills

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“…It may be, then, that determining whether there is a relationship of the TMT to a particular brain region such as the frontal lobes depends on the ability to dissociate the process involved in task performance and to isolate different brain regions within the frontal lobes (see Levine et al, 1998;Stuss et al, 1998;Stuss et al, 1994;. Other factors have been reported to affect the TMT scores, including age (Bornstein, 1985;Davies, 1968;Stuss, Stethem, & Poirier, 1987;Weiderholt et al, 1993), IQ (Boll & Reitan, 1973;Orgel & McDonald, 1967), education (Bornstein, 1985;Lamberty, Putnam, Chatel, Bieliauskas, & Adams, 1994), and sex (Guadino et al, 1995;Weiderholt et al, 1993). The effect of aging is the most reliable of these because only one study to our knowledge has shown no relationship of age to TMT performance (Boll & Reitan, 1973).…”

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confidence: 95%

The trail making test: A study in focal lesion patients.

Stuss

Bisschop²,

Alexander³

et al. 2001

Psychological Assessment

301

223

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The relationship of the Trail Making Test (TMT) to the frontal lobes was tested by comparing patients with damage to the frontal and nonfrontal regions to control participants. Although the analysis of time measurements, both raw and transformed, showed notable slowing of frontal groups, error analysis proved to be a more useful method of categorizing performance. Analysis of errors on Part B indicated that all patients who made more than 1 error had frontal lesions. Dividing the frontal damaged patients into subgroups on the basis of the number of errors yielded specificity of brain-behavior relations within the frontal lobes. Patients with damage in dorsolateral frontal areas were most impaired. Those with inferior medial damage to the frontal lobes were not significantly affected in TMT Part B performance.

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“…Requests for reprints should be sent to Gordon J. Chelune, who is now at the Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602. Feirstein, 1972;Shearn, Berry, & Fitzgibbons, 1976;Small, Small, Milstein, & Moore, 1972), other investigators have found considerable overlap between the groups, particularly where schizophrenic samples were involved (Fernald, Fernald, & Rines, 1966;Lacks, Colbert, Harrow, & Levine, 1970;Orgel & McDonald, 1967;Taylor, Abrams, & Gaztanaga, 1975;Watson, Thomas, Anderson, & Felling, 1968). Klonoff, Fibiger, and Hutton (1970) found that the degree of impairment on a battery of neuropsychological tests was more closely related to the degree of psychiatric disturbance than to the presence or absence of documented neurological disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%