An Evaluation of the Use of Remotely Sensed Parameters for Prediction of Incidence and Risk Associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Gulf Coast Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

Phillips, Andrea M. B.; DePaola, Angelo; Bowers, John C.; Ladner, Sherwin; Grimes, D. Jay

doi:10.4315/0362-028x-70.4.879

Cited by 39 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This is contradictory to our previous study (29), which indicated a significant association (P Ͻ 0.05) between remotely sensed chlorophyll and total V. parahaemolyticus organisms, after correction for the effects of temperature and salinity. However, the previous data were collected year round, and the current data were collected only during warm weather, when chlorophyll levels are typically higher.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…parahaemolyticus density in oysters has been shown to be positively correlated with water temperature, and higher densities of V. parahaemolyticus are normally detected during warmer months (8,15). However, V. parahaemolyticus densities vary considerably even at optimal temperatures, and possible links between this variability and other environmental factors remain unclear (29,35). The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a V. parahaemolyticus risk assessment in which densities of total V. parahaemolyticus organisms in oysters at harvest were predicted based on water temperature measurements obtained from National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) buoys (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Variability of Total and PathogenicVibrio parahaemolyticusDensities in Northern Gulf of Mexico Water and Oysters

Zimmerman

DePaola²,

Bowers

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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131

107

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is indigenous to coastal environments and a frequent cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis in the United States, primarily due to raw-oyster consumption. Previous seasonal-cycle studies of V. parahaemolyticus have identified water temperature as the strongest environmental predictor. Salinity has also been identified, although it is evident that its effect on annual variation is not as pronounced. The effects of other environmental factors, both with respect to the seasonal cycle and intraseasonal variation, are uncertain. This study investigated intraseasonal variations of densities of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus organisms in oysters and overlying waters during the summer of 2004 at two sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Regression analyses indicated significant associations (P < 0.001) between total V. parahaemolyticus densities and salinity, as well as turbidity in water and in oysters at the Mississippi site but not at the Alabama site. Pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus organisms in Mississippi oyster and water samples were detected in 56% (9 out of 16) and 78% (43 out of 55) of samples, respectively. In contrast, 44% (7 out of 16) of oyster samples and 30% (14 out of 47) of water samples from Alabama were positive. At both sites, there was greater sample-to-sample variability in pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus densities than in total V. parahaemolyticus densities. These data suggest that, although total V. parahaemolyticus densities may be very informative, there is greater uncertainty when total V. parahaemolyticus densities are used to predict the risk of infection by pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus than previously recognized.Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of Vibrio-associated gastroenteritis in the United States (15,19,20,32) and has been isolated from oysters, blue crabs, finfish, and planktonic copepods (6,7,18,22). Vibrio infections are most common in individuals living in states bordering the Gulf of Mexico (23) and are usually associated with the consumption of raw shellfish, primarily oysters (9, 20). Recent outbreaks (4,5,10,14) raised the awareness of public health officials concerning shellfish throughout coastal states and prompted the Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference to develop an Interim Control Plan for regulating shellfish harvest areas based on V. parahaemolyticus densities in shellfish (31). The Interim Control Plan employs a colony lift technique using DNA probes that target the species-specific thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) gene and the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene associated with pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains (32). A similar DNA probe colony hybridization method has been developed to target the tdh-related hemolysin gene (trh), which is also associated with pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus (27). While these colony lift techniques make it possible to investigate the distribution of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains directly, they have a relatively high limit of detection (LOD). Thus, the colony...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Total and PathogenicVibrio parahaemolyticusDensities in Northern Gulf of Mexico Water and Oysters

Zimmerman

DePaola²,

Bowers

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

Self Cite

131

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Use of remote sensing technology continues to grow, and algorithms continue to be refined (8,97,114). Global, real-time access to coastal ecology data will make it feasible to detect and predict when environmental conditions will be favorable for vibrios.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Environmental Factors onVibriospp. in Coastal Ecosystems

Johnson

2015

Microbiol Spectr

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Various studies have examined the relationships between vibrios and the environmental conditions surrounding them. However, very few reviews have compiled these studies into cohesive points. This may be due to the fact that these studies examine different environmental parameters, use different sampling, detection, and enumeration methodologies, and occur in diverse geographic locations. The current article is one approach to compile these studies into a cohesive work that assesses the importance of environmental determinants on the abundance of vibrios in coastal ecosystems.

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“…This technology has been applied to V. parahaemolyticus levels in oysters at harvest, and it was concluded that data obtained from remote sensing could substitute for direct measurements (53).…”

Section: Vol 77 2011 V Parahaemolyticus and Tvc Models For C Gigamentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive Models for the Effect of Storage Temperature on Vibrio parahaemolyticus Viability and Counts of Total Viable Bacteria in Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

Fernandez‐Piquer

Bowman

Ross

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an indigenous bacterium of marine environments. It accumulates in oysters and may reach levels that cause human illness when postharvest temperatures are not properly controlled and oysters are consumed raw or undercooked. Predictive models were produced by injecting Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) with a cocktail of V. parahaemolyticus strains, measuring viability rates at storage temperatures from 3.6 to 30.4°C, and fitting the data to a model to obtain parameter estimates. The models were evaluated with Pacific and Sydney Rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata) containing natural populations of V. parahaemolyticus. V. parahaemolyticus viability was measured by direct plating samples on thiosulfate-citratebile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar for injected oysters and by most probable number (MPN)-PCR for oysters containing natural populations. In parallel, total viable bacterial counts (TVC) were measured by direct plating on marine agar. Growth/inactivation rates for V. parahaemolyticus were ؊0.006, ؊0.004, ؊0.005, ؊0.003, 0.030, 0.075, 0.095, and 0.282 log 10 CFU/h at 3.6, 6.2, 9.6, 12.6, 18.4, 20.0, 25.7, and 30.4°C, respectively. The growth rates for TVC were 0.015, 0.023, 0.016, 0.048, 0.055, 0.071, 0.133, and 0.135 log 10 CFU/h at 3.6, 6.2, 9.3, 14.9, 18.4, 20.0, 25.7, and 30.4°C, respectively. Square root and Arrhenius-type secondary models were generated for V. parahaemolyticus growth and inactivation kinetic data, respectively. A square root model was produced for TVC growth. Evaluation studies showed that predictive growth for V. parahaemolyticus and TVC were "fail safe." The models can assist oyster companies and regulators in implementing management strategies to minimize V. parahaemolyticus risk and enhancing product quality in supply chains.Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative, halophilic, curved, rod-shaped bacterial species indigenous to marine environments (19). Oysters accumulate V. parahaemolyticus via filter feeding that may result in concentrations 100 times greater than those found in the surrounding seawater (16). Consequently, the consumption of raw or improperly cooked oysters can sometimes result in V. parahaemolyticus infection. Disease occurs worldwide (59), with a higher incidence reported in the United States (13, 64).Human disease usually displays as moderate to severe gastroenteritis, although septicemia may occur in individuals with impaired hepatic and renal capacity and the immunocompromised (66). Clinical illness is mostly associated with strains that produce the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and/or TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) that are encoded by the tdh and trh genes, respectively (58).The reported frequency of tdh detection in oysters in studies at least 1 year in duration ranges from 3 to 70% (15,18,34,52) and 17 to 60% for trh (34), depending on the methodology and the region studied. In Australia, V. parahaemolyticus has been isolated from oysters (20,23,24,40,42), and two reported outbreaks have been linked to oyster consumption, with on...

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An Evaluation of the Use of Remotely Sensed Parameters for Prediction of Incidence and Risk Associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Gulf Coast Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

Cited by 39 publications

References 17 publications

Variability of Total and PathogenicVibrio parahaemolyticusDensities in Northern Gulf of Mexico Water and Oysters

Variability of Total and PathogenicVibrio parahaemolyticusDensities in Northern Gulf of Mexico Water and Oysters

Influence of Environmental Factors onVibriospp. in Coastal Ecosystems

Predictive Models for the Effect of Storage Temperature on Vibrio parahaemolyticus Viability and Counts of Total Viable Bacteria in Pacific Oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

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