An Evaluation of Warning Habits and Beliefs across the Adult Life Span

Abstract

Beliefs about warnings and habits associated with reading them were assessed for 863 individuals of various ages. Information gathered for various common household products included (a) how frequently people attend to warning information, (b) the degree of risk they believe is involved during product usage, and (c) how important they believe warnings are for different product types. Also assessed were perceived helpfulness and comprehension for symbols commonly found on product labels or on signs in the environment. Respondents 55 years and older reported reading product warnings more frequently than did younger adults, although they generally perceived warnings as less important. However, no overall age-related differences were found for perceived level of risk involved in using different product types. Although older adults generally perceived symbols to be very helpful when using a particular product, their comprehension levels were poorer than those of younger adults for half of the symbols. Overall, these data suggest that adults of all ages do read warnings on a variety of product types and that they believe warning information is important. This research illustrates the importance of including older adults in usability studies during the development of warning systems, given age-related effects may be associated with some aspects of the warning processing but not others.

Comprehension of Warning Symbols by Younger and Older Adults: Effects of Visual Degradation

“…This finding is consistent with previous reports of age-related differences in warning comprehension (e.g., Easterby & Hakiel, 1981; Hancock, et al, 2001; Hancock et al, 2004; Morrell et al 1990). However, perhaps somewhat surprisingly, the effects of degradation did not differ as a function of age.…”

“…As individuals grow older, their ability to respond effectively to warnings may be affected by reduced cognitive and perceptual abilities (Hancock et al, 2006). And indeed, aging has been shown to correlate with reduced warning comprehension (e.g., Easterby & Hakiel, 1981; Hancock et al, 2001; Hancock, Rogers, Schroeder, & Fisk, 2004; Morrell, Park, & Poon, 1990). However, the potential interaction of age and warning symbol degradation has only minimally been explored (Wong and Lo, 2007, did investigate age differences but provided no inferential statistical analysis).…”

Comprehension of Warning Symbols by Younger and Older Adults: Effects of Visual Degradation

“…This finding is consistent with previous reports of age-related differences in warning comprehension (e.g., Easterby & Hakiel, 1981;Hancock, et al, 2001;Morrell et al 1990). However, perhaps somewhat surprisingly, the effects of degradation did not differ as a function of age.…”

“…Warning symbols are encountered by people of all ages (Hancock, Rogers, & Fisk, 2001) and age differences in the user population must be considered in the warning design process (Rousseau, Lamson, & Rogers, 1998). As individuals grow older, their ability to respond effectively to warnings may be affected by reduced cognitive and perceptual abilities (Hancock et al, 2006).…”

“…As individuals grow older, their ability to respond effectively to warnings may be affected by reduced cognitive and perceptual abilities (Hancock et al, 2006). And indeed, aging has been shown to correlate with reduced warning comprehension (e.g., Easterby & Hakiel, 1981;Hancock et al, 2001;Morrell, Park, & Poon, 1990). However, the potential interaction of age and warning symbol degradation has only minimally been explored (Wong and Lo, 2007, did investigate age differences but provided no inferential statistical analysis).…”