An Evaluation of Washington State SNAP-Ed Farmers' Market Initiatives and SNAP Participant Behaviors

Walkinshaw, Lina Pinero; Quinn, Emilee; Rocha, Anita; Johnson, Donna B.

doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2018.01.003

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…J. Johnson, 2013;O'Kane, 2016;Savoie Roskos, 2017), 'social benefits' (12.5%, n=3) (Baker et al, 2009;Feagan et al, 2004;Velasquez, Eastman, & Masiunas, 2005), 'community pride' (12.5%, n=3) (A. J. Johnson, 2013;Payet et al, 2005;Savoie Roskos, 2017), and participation in special events or community activities hosted by the farmers market (16.7%, n=4) (Eastwood et al, 1999;Grace et al, 2007;Hunt, 2007;Walkinshaw et al, 2018). Additionally, in 50% of the articles (n=12) (Colasanti et al, 2010;Eastwood et al, 1999;Feagan & Morris, 2009;Freedman et al, 2018;Grace et al, 2007;Hunt, 2007;Misyak et al, 2014;O'Kane, 2016;Ritter, Walkinshaw, Quinn, Ickes, & Johnson, 2018;Sommer, Herrick, & Sommer, 1981;Velasquez et al, 2005;Wetherill & Gray, 2015), the authors described the 'shopping atmosphere and/or environment' as either welcoming or unwelcoming, which served as a barrier to or facilitator of farmers market usage based on the shopper's perspective of the shopping atmosphere.…”

Section: Description Of Soc In the Included Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While incentive programs have proven successful in increasing farmers market SNAP redemption and self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption by people living with low incomes (Evans et al, 2012;Jilcott Pitts et al, 2013;Walkinshaw, Quinn, Rocha, & Johnson, 2018), SNAP redemption at farmers markets continues to represent a small fraction (<0.1%) of all SNAP transactions across the U.S. (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 2019). The lack of overall SNAP redemption at farmers markets indicates that additional barriers beyond monetary incentives may be dissuading people living with low incomes from shopping at farmers markets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing sense of community at farmers markets: A systematic review

Russomanno¹,

Jabson²

2021

J. Agric. Food Syst. Community Dev.

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Farmers markets are valuable for reducing food insecurity and delivering healthy food options to populations living with low incomes. However, farmers markets have developed a reputation for being exclusive shopping spaces devoted to affluent, white shoppers. Sense of community (SOC), or a person’s feelings of belonging at farmers markets, could be an important, under-addressed asset or barrier to farmers markets patronage for people living with low incomes. To document and describe how SOC influences customer engagement with farmers markets, we conducted a systematic review of published, peer-reviewed literature following PRISMA guidelines. Systematic review protocol involved three stages: identifying peer-reviewed articles using key search terms, screening abstracts and articles for inclusion and exclusion, and analyzing articles for SOC at farmers markets. Of the 24 articles included in the systematic review, 10 addressed SOC in farmers markets shoppers living with low incomes, 6 addressed SOC in farmers markets shoppers living with middle to high incomes, and 8 did not indicate the shoppers’ income level. SOC served as both a barrier and facilitator to farmers markets patronage for all income levels. However, farmers markets shoppers who received federal food assistance reported a feeling of exclusion discouraging them from shopping at farmers markets. These negative experiences were more prominent among Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color (BIPOC) living with low incomes. SOC appears to be an important factor in determining who shops at farmers markets and the frequency with which they visit. Farmers markets managers should consider how to strengthen SOC to improve engagement with people living with low incomes, and more specifically, BIPOC living with low incomes.

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Section: Description Of Soc In the Included Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing sense of community at farmers markets: A systematic review

Russomanno¹,

Jabson²

2021

J. Agric. Food Syst. Community Dev.

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“…Markets with community partnerships may view nutrition education and consumer outreach as integral to their partnership activities, and these partnerships may also provide the market with resources for educational activities. Other studies have demonstrated that both SNAP-oriented programming and overt linkage with SNAP and WIC programs increase SNAP participants' purchases at farmers' markets, suggesting that these interlinked factors have the potential to substantially impact EBT sales (13,24) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These activities engage customers and teach how to use produce that may be unfamiliar. New knowledge also increases the likelihood of low-income shoppers spending their limited food dollars on farmers' market produce and supports the likelihood of new market consumers becoming return shoppers (24,39) .…”

Section: Supplemental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Partnerships are critical for farmers' markets to address barriers and resource constraints associated with location in low-income communities (10,18,23) . Local community organisations such as schools, churches, health centers and non-profits can provide assistance in many areas such as administrative support, financing, flexibility in location and developing deeper connections between the market and the community through market activities and outreach (20,24,25) . Support from governmental agencies can be used to defray costs associated with EBT acceptance.…”

Section: Foundational Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying and assessing factors affecting farmers’ markets Electronic Benefit Transfer sales in Hawai‘i

Wolff

Nelson-Hurwitz

Buchthal

2020

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective:Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) placement at farmers’ markets can reduce access disparities for low-income consumers. However, resources needed to operate EBT programs may challenge markets’ business models. A conceptual model of factors impacting EBT program success was developed from literature, and an exploratory study conducted to assess the impact of model variables on market EBT sales.Design:Annual EBT sales data were obtained for all Hawai‘i farmers’ markets with EBT programs (n 22). Key informant interviews (n 19), along with records review, were performed to gather data on model variables. Exploratory analysis was conducted to estimate the impact of individual model variables on EBT sales.Setting:Farmers’ markets accepting EBT in the state of Hawai‘i.Participants:Market managers and EBT program partners (n 19).Results:Markets engaging in community partnerships $\left( {{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \Delta \overline x = \$ 852} \right)$, consumer education $\left( {{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \Delta \overline x = \$ {\rm{598}}} \right)$, social media promotion $\left( {{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \Delta \overline x = \$ {\rm{732}}} \right)$ or EBT incentives $\left( {{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \Delta \overline x = \$ {\rm{5}}0{\rm{9}}} \right)$ averaged higher sales than markets not reporting these practices. Sales increased by $3 for every ten additional SNAP-participating households and decreased by $35 for each competing EBT-accepting supermarket, grocery or farmers’ market within the market’s access area. Sales increased by $137/vendor for each additional hour/week the market was open.Conclusion:Factors suggested by the model, particularly community engagement and partnership, marketing methods, consumer base and competition for EBT sales in the market area substantively affected EBT sales. Assessing these factors may identify markets with the greatest chance of EBT success and suggest ways to strengthen struggling EBT programs.

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Retail Nutrition Programs and Outcomes: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review

Yoder

Proaño

Handu

2021

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

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As nutrition-related diseases contribute to rising health care costs, food retail settings are providing a unique opportunity for registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) to address the nutritional needs of consumers. Food as Medicine interventions play a role in preventing and/or managing many chronic conditions that drive health care costs. The objective of this scoping review was to identify and characterize literature examining Food as Medicine interventions within food retail settings and across consumer demographics. An electronic literature search of 8 databases identified 11,404 relevant articles. Results from the searches were screened against inclusion criteria, and intervention effectiveness was assessed for the following outcomes: improvement in health outcomes and costeffectiveness. One-hundred and eighty-six papers and 25 systematic reviews met inclusion criteria. Five categories surfaced as single interventions: prescription programs, incentive programs, medically tailored nutrition, path-to-purchase marketing, and personalized nutrition education. Multiple combinations of intervention categories, reporting of health outcomes (nutritional quality of shopping purchases, eating habits, biometric measures), and cost-effectiveness (store sales, health care dollar savings) also emerged. The intervention categories that produced both improved health outcomes and cost-effectiveness included a combination of incentive programs, personalized nutrition education, and path-to-purchase marketing. Food as Medicine interventions in the food retail setting can aid consumers in navigating health through diet and nutrition by encompassing the following strategic focus areas: promotion of health and well-being, managing chronic disease, and improving food security. Food retailers should consider the target population and desired focus areas and should engage registered dietitian nutritionists when developing Food as Medicine interventions.

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An Evaluation of Washington State SNAP-Ed Farmers' Market Initiatives and SNAP Participant Behaviors

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Assessing sense of community at farmers markets: A systematic review

Assessing sense of community at farmers markets: A systematic review

Identifying and assessing factors affecting farmers’ markets Electronic Benefit Transfer sales in Hawai‘i

Retail Nutrition Programs and Outcomes: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review

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