An Evidence-Based Approach to Facial Reanimation

Quantitative facial electromyography monitoring after hypoglossal‐facial jump nerve suture

“…Therefore, we recommend a monitoring of patients after hypoglossal‐facial nerve jump suture for at least 18 months. The final functional outcome should be reached before decisions are made for additional surgical or non‐surgical measures . To monitor the patients also with EMG has the additional advantage to allow a clear distinction between incomplete reinnervation (incomplete recovery of the MUP recruitment pattern) and synkinetic reinnervation (involuntary MUP activity in a facial muscle while voluntarily tightening another facial muscle).…”

Onset of bell's palsy in late pregnancy and early puerperium is associated with worse long‐term outcomes

“…Although full recovery of facial function occurs in approximately 70% of cases, 30% of patients will develop postparalysis facial palsy . This condition consists of varying degrees of residual facial weakness, hyperactivity, and synkinesis, resulting in functional and aesthetic deficits with substantial adverse impact on quality of life . Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment of BP, with antiviral therapy used as an adjunct .…”

“…9 This condition consists of varying degrees of residual facial weakness, hyperactivity, and synkinesis, resulting in functional and aesthetic deficits with substantial adverse impact on quality of life. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment of BP, with antiviral therapy used as an adjunct. 8,16 Disagreement exists as to whether pregnancy is a risk factor for worse long-term outcomes in BP.…”

Use of the submental vessels for free gracilis muscle transfer for smile reanimation

“…Multiple approaches to restore the ability to smile in patients with facial nerve paralysis exist . Dynamic reanimation with free muscle transfer has emerged as the preferred choice .…”