“…Several authors implicitly identify DIKW types of objects based on transformations performed by the analytics defined, including Cooper (2012), Ernst & Young (2014), Evans (2015), Feinzig (2015), Fitz-enz (2009), Fitz-enz, Phillips, and Ray (2012), KnowledgeAdvisors (2007), Marler and Boudreau (2017), Norris, Baer, andOfferman (2009), andSharda, Asamoah, andPonna (2013). Four of the transformations DOI: 10.1002/piq Performance Improvement Quarterly addressed types of quantitative analysis frequently used to convert data to information, including Cooper (2012), Evans (2015), Fitz-enz (2009), Marler andBoudreau (2017), and Sharda, Asamoah, and Ponna (2013). Feinzig (2015), Fitz-enz, Phillips, and Ray (2012), and Norris, Baer, and Offerman (2009) referred to transformation processes operating on data to extract or assess the data.…”