An evolutionary function of the depressive reaction: the cognitive map hypothesis

Welling, Hans

doi:10.1016/s0732-118x(03)00017-5

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This sense of loss can relate to any resource that affects one's health or overall well-being, such as the death of a loved one, an encounter with a debilitating ailment, or a breakup with a significant other (Keller and Nesse 2006;Nesse 2006;Raghunathan and Pham 1999). A central adaptive function of sadness is to prompt personal reflection in response to the sense of loss, allowing one to assess and potentially revise subsequent goal-directed behavior (Bonanno, Goorin, and Coifman 2008;Welling 2003). How sadness influences indulgent consumption will depend on the functional response to the sense of loss.…”

Section: Sadness and A Hedonic Eating Goalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hedonic Eating Goals and Emotion: When Sadness Decreases the Desire to Indulge

Salerno

Laran²,

Janiszewski

2014

J Consum Res

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This article uses the functionalist perspective of emotion to demonstrate that the influence of sadness on indulgent consumption depends on the presence of a hedonic eating goal. Sadness heightens a person's sensitivity to the potentially harmful consequences of indulgent consumption, which decreases indulgence when a hedonic eating goal is salient. As sadness is often associated with a loss, this protective function is geared toward preventing future losses. The execution of this function is mitigated by feelings of safety, a counterforce to concerns about the harmful consequences of goal pursuit. Alternatively, when a hedonic eating goal is not salient, or a salient goal does not have harmful consequences, sadness results in emotion regulation (i.e., indulging as a means of feeling better). This conceptualization and findings show that the effects of emotions on indulgent consumption can be goal-dependent, and that emotions can aid consumers in the balancing of long-term goals and well-being.A number of models explain how people pursue goals (goal systems theory, Kruglanski et al. 2002; regulatory focus theory, Higgins, Shah, and Friedman 1997; testoperate-test-exit, Miller, Galanter, and Pribram 1960; goal setting theory, Locke and Latham 1990). These models have been used to gain insight into factors that moderate goal pursuit, including goal accessibility (

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Section: Sadness and A Hedonic Eating Goalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hedonic Eating Goals and Emotion: When Sadness Decreases the Desire to Indulge

Salerno

Laran²,

Janiszewski

2014

J Consum Res

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“… Sadness is activated by the separation, incapacitation, or death of associates who may otherwise value the individual's welfare and make positive fitness contributions to her (Tooby & Cosmides, 1990;Keller & Nesse, 2006; see also Hagen, 1999;Hagen & Barrett, 2007). When activated, sadness reduces the motivation to move and to act (Michalak et al, 2009), a response that can prevent behaviors causing further loss (Keller & Nesse, 2006;Welling, 2003). Also, sadness prompts cognitive activity geared to solve problems related to the loss or to adapt to the loss (Andrews & Thomson, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emotion–valuation constellation: Multiple emotions are governed by a common grammar of social valuation

Sznycer

Lukaszewski

2019

Evolution and Human Behavior

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Social emotions are hypothesized to be adaptations designed by selection to solve adaptive problems pertaining to social valuation-the disposition to attend to, associate with, and aid a target individual based on her probable contributions to the fitness of the valuer. To steer between effectiveness and economy, social emotions need to activate in precise proportion to the local evaluations of the various acts and characteristics that dictate the social value of self and others. Supporting this hypothesis, experiments conducted in the United States and India indicate that five different social emotions all track a common set of valuations. The extent to which people value each of 25 positive characteristics in others predicts the intensities of: pride (if you had those characteristics), anger (if someone failed to acknowledge that you have those characteristics), gratitude (if someone convinced others that you have those characteristics), guilt (if you harmed someone who has those characteristics), and sadness (if someone died who had those characteristics). The five emotions track local valuations (mean r = +.72) and even foreign valuations (mean r = +.70). In addition, cultural differences in emotion are patterned: They follow cultural differences in valuation. These findings suggest that multiple social emotions are governed (in part) by a common architecture of social valuation, that the valuation architecture operates with a substantial degree of universality in its content, and that a unified theoretical framework may explain cross-cultural invariances and cultural differences in emotion.

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“…Sensación permanente de estar vacío: descrita como la impresión de que hace falta algo dentro, basada en la falta de reevaluación adaptativa de los eventos que causan tristeza y de la respuesta especifica ante la emoción (Bonanno & Kaltman, 2001; Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental de Estados Unidos [NIHM], 2005); ambas necesarias para que se reconozca efectivamente el reajuste comportamental (Clore & Colcombe, 2003;Niemeyer, 2006;Welling, 2003), o al menos para diferenciar la sensación de tristeza de la de vacío.…”

Section: Discusión Y Conclusionesunclassified

Síntomas de Depresión en Hombres

2017

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RESUMENEl objetivo de este estudio era el objetivo de la presente investigación comparativa es identificar los síntomas específicos de depresión en hombres y determinar si existe un sesgo diagnóstico en los criterios incluidos en el sistema DSM y CIE. Para ello se estudia una muestra clínica conformada por 156 hombres y 174 mujeres entre los 18 y los 65 años, con diagnóstico previo de depresión, y un grupo control compuesto por 149 hombres y 151 mujeres sin depresión. Para evaluar depresión se usó Cuestionario de Depresión en Hombres (CDH) y la Entrevista MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). Para los análisis psicométricos se empleó el Modelo de Rasch desde la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem y análisis comparativos multivariados. Se concluye que los hombres se deprimen de forma significativamente diferente de las mujeres y que parte de los síntomas identificados no son considerados en los sistemas nosológicos vigentes.Palabras clave depresión; hombres; masculinidad; síntomas. ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to identify if there are symptoms of depression in men who are not described in diagnostic manuals available. This clinical sample comprised 156 men and 174 women between 18 and 65 years prior to diagnosis of depression, and 149 men and 151 women without depression used as controls is studied. To evaluate Depression Questionnaire Depression in Men (CDH) and Interview MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) was used. For psychometric analyzes the Rasch model was used from the Item Response Theory and multivariate comparative analysis. We conclude that men are depressed significantly different from women and that some of the symptoms identified are not considered in the current nosological systems.

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An evolutionary function of the depressive reaction: the cognitive map hypothesis

Cited by 24 publications

References 17 publications

Hedonic Eating Goals and Emotion: When Sadness Decreases the Desire to Indulge

Hedonic Eating Goals and Emotion: When Sadness Decreases the Desire to Indulge

The emotion–valuation constellation: Multiple emotions are governed by a common grammar of social valuation

Síntomas de Depresión en Hombres

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