An Evolutionary Perspective on Sedentary Behavior

Speakman, John R.

doi:10.1002/bies.201900156

Cited by 20 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Increases in energy expenditure from planned exercise may be offset by decreases in physical activity at other times 54 . There is also good reason to believe that sedentary behavior is partly coded in the human genome and aimed at economy of energy expenditure 55 . Taken together, we postulate that hypoxia reduces the energy expenditure budget and favors mechanisms toward reductions in physical activity‐related energy expenditure.…”

Section: Energy Balance and Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 89%

Hypoxia, energy balance, and obesity: An update

Kayser

Vergès

2021

Obesity Reviews

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Because of the enduring rise in the prevalence of obesity worldwide, there is continued interest in hypoxia as a mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities and as a potential therapeutic adjunct for the management of the disease. Lifelong exposure to altitude is accompanied by a lower risk for obesity, whereas altitude sojourns are generally associated with a loss of body mass. A negative energy balance upon exposure to hypoxia can be due to a combination of changes in determinants of energy expenditure (resting metabolic rate and physical activity energy expenditure) and energy intake (appetite). Over the past 15 years, the potential therapeutic interest of hypobaric or normobaric hypoxic exposure in individuals with obesity-to lower body mass and improve health status-has become an active field of research. Various protocols have been implemented, using actual altitude sojourns or intermittent normobaric hypoxic exposures, at rest or in association with physical activity. Although several studies suggest benefits on body mass and cardiovascular and metabolic variables, further investigations are required before recommending hypoxic exposure in obesity management programs. Future studies should also better clarify the effects of hypoxia on appetite, the intestinal microbiota, and finally on overall energy balance.

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Section: Energy Balance and Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 89%

Hypoxia, energy balance, and obesity: An update

Kayser

Vergès

2021

Obesity Reviews

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“…5 Human evolution survived through ages because of our "hunter-gatherer" genes which are now being adapted for sedentary lifestyle due to technology spur and in turn leading to chronic disease. 6 In a recent cross-sectional survey from a National Family Health survey, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be doubled between 1998 and 2016. Total disability-adjusted life years have increased by 170% from 1990 to 2016 due to diabetes, 7 but survey considered only socioeconomic status not considered the physical activity as a contributing risk to chronic diseases.…”

Section: Sedentary Behaviour and Chronic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedentarism and chronic disease risk in COVID 19 lockdown – a scoping review

Chandrasekaran

Ganesan

2020

Scott Med J

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Background & Aims Though viewed as a critical measure to prevent the spread of the virus, a prolonged homestay may result in unfavourable sedentary behaviour and chronic disease risk. This systematic review focuses on sedentary behaviour resulting from this quarantine period which may elevate the cardiovascular disease risk, obesity, hypertension, cancer and mental health illness. Methods Evidence of breaking sedentary behaviour and global recommendations were investigated. Potential unanswered questions regarding sedentary behaviour and physical activity during lockdown were explored. Results Five systematic reviews and six prospective trials explored the effect of sedentarism affecting chronic disease through potential pathophysiological mechanisms. Sedentary behaviour especially prolonged sitting is found to be a pleiotropic risk factor with altered energy expenditure, adipogenic signalling, immunomodulation, autonomic stability and hormonal dysregulation perpetuating underlying chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer and mental health disorders. Conclusion Breaking sitting and physical activity are found to reverse the adverse effects associated with excessive sitting during the lockdown.

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“…Based on a neuropsychological approach to physical effort (Bernacer et al, 2019;Klein-Flügge et al, 2016) anchored in an evolutionary perspective Lee et al, 2016;Lieberman, 2015;Speakman, 2019), the recent theory of effort minimization in physical activity (TEMPA) proposes that an automatic attraction toward physical inactivity may explain this failure to engage in physical activity (Cheval & Boisgontier, in press). The theory is supported by experimental evidence (see for a review) demonstrating that physically inactive opportunities can act as temptations interfering with physical activity goals (Cheval et al, 2017;Rouse et al, 2013).…”

Section: Inhibitory Control Elicited By Physical Activity and Inactivity Stimuli: An Eeg Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory control elicited by physical activity and inactivity stimuli: an EEG study

Cheval¹,

Cabral²,

Daou³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The theory of effort minimization in physical activity (TEMPA) argues that individuals have an automatic attraction toward effort minimization. To engage in a physically active behavior, this automatic attraction needs to be overridden by controlled processes. However, direct evidence showing that inhibitory control is required to avoid effort minimization is lacking. Here, we used go/no-go tasks and electroencephalography (EEG) to assess the neural correlates of inhibitory control associated with visual stimuli depicting physical inactivity, physical activity, or that were neutral in 50 healthy young adults. The N2 event-related potential (ERP) component amplitude was used as a physiological index of inhibitory control. Results showed significant two-way interactions between the type of trials (i.e., go vs. no-go trials) and the type of stimuli on N2, revealing a significantly more pronounced no-go effect (i.e., higher N2 in no-go relative to go trials) for neutral and physical inactivity stimuli compared with physical activity stimuli. Simple tests further revealed that N2 amplitude was more negative in no-go than go trials for neutral stimuli (b=-.91 µV, 95%CI=-1.42 to -.40 µV, p<.001) and for stimuli depicting physical inactivity (b=-.58 µV, 95%CI=-1.08 to -.08 µV, p=.025). By contrast, we found no evidence of significant differences in N2 amplitude between no-go and go trials for stimuli depicting physical activity (b=.20 µV, 95%CI=-1.08 to –.08 µV, p=.445). These findings provide evidence that inhibiting responses to physical inactivity stimuli requires significantly higher inhibitory control than inhibiting responses to physical activity stimuli. The study pre-registration form can be found at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/RKYHB.

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An Evolutionary Perspective on Sedentary Behavior

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Hypoxia, energy balance, and obesity: An update

Hypoxia, energy balance, and obesity: An update

Sedentarism and chronic disease risk in COVID 19 lockdown – a scoping review

Inhibitory control elicited by physical activity and inactivity stimuli: an EEG study

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