An Evolutionary Perspective on Why Food Overconsumption Impairs Cognition

Mattson, Mark P.

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.01.003

Cited by 70 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Animals have evolved complex metabolic and behavioral adaptations that enable them to maintain high levels of cognitive and physical performance in environments where food is relatively scarce and meals infrequent 9,10 . Humans who fast for extended time periods of a week or more experience heightened stress during the first few days, and then experience calmness and mental clarity during the remainder of the fast 11–13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SIRT3 mediates hippocampal synaptic adaptations to intermittent fasting and ameliorates deficits in APP mutant mice

et al. 2019

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Intermittent food deprivation (fasting, IF) improves mood and cognition and protects neurons against excitotoxic degeneration in animal models of epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The mechanisms by which neuronal networks adapt to IF and how such adaptations impact neuropathological processes are unknown. We show that hippocampal neuronal networks adapt to IF by enhancing GABAergic tone, which is associated with reduced anxiety-like behaviors and improved hippocampus-dependent memory. These neuronal network and behavioral adaptations require the mitochondrial protein deacetylase SIRT3 as they are abolished in SIRT3-deficient mice and wild type mice in which SIRT3 is selectively depleted from hippocampal neurons. In the App NL-G-F mouse model of AD, IF reduces neuronal network hyperexcitability and ameliorates deficits in hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a SIRT3-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate a role for a mitochondrial protein deacetylase in hippocampal neurons in behavioral and GABAergic synaptic adaptations to IF.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SIRT3 mediates hippocampal synaptic adaptations to intermittent fasting and ameliorates deficits in APP mutant mice

et al. 2019

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“…Our data show that spontaneous changes in MIP levels occur. Insulin sensitivity in humans is circadian-rhythm dependent (Jarrett and Keen, 1969;Van Cauter et al, 1997;Mattson, 2019). Circadian rhythmicity is also present in Lymnaea that affects CTA learning and memory (Wagatsuma et al, 2004), although the rhythmic changes in MIP levels have not yet been examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of LTM following an Insulin Injection

Totani

Nakai

Dyakonova

et al. 2020

eNeuro

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The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis learns conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and consolidates it into long-term memory (LTM). One-day food-deprived snails (Day 1 snails) show the best CTA learning and memory, whereas more severely food-deprived snails (5 days) do not express good memory. However, previous studies showed that CTA-LTM was indeed formed in 5-day food-deprived snails (Day 5 snails), but its recall was prevented by the effects of food deprivation. CTA-LTM recall in Day 5 snails was expressed following 7 days of feeding and then 1 day of food deprivation (Day 13 snails). In the present study, we thus hypothesized that memory recall occurs because Day13 snails are in an optimal internal state. One day of food deprivation before the memory test in Day 13 snails increased the mRNA level of molluscan insulin-related peptide (MIP) in the CNS. Thus, we further hypothesized that an injection of insulin into Day 5 snails following 7 additional days with access to food (Day 12 snails) activates CTA neurons and mimics the food deprivation state before the memory test in Day 13 snails. Day 12 snails injected with insulin could recall the memory. In addition, the simultaneous injection of an anti-insulin receptor antibody and insulin into Day 12 snails did not allow memory recall. Insulin injection also decreased the hemolymph glucose concentration. Together, the results suggest that an optimal internal state (i.e., a 6 spike in insulin release and specific glucose levels) are necessary for LTM recall following CTA training in snails.

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“…Further, evidence is accumulating that spontaneous changes in insulin levels may occur during short-term fasting. For example, insulin sensitivity in humans is circadianrhythm dependent (Jarrett & Keen 1969;Van Cauter et al 1997;Mattson 2019). Circadian rhythmicity is also present in Lymnaea and affects CTA learning and memory (Wagatsuma et al 2004), although rhythmic changes in MIP levels have not yet been examined.…”

Section: Molecular Cascades For Memory Enhancement During Short-term mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the memory-enhancing effect of short-term fasting are now being vigorously studied, they are not yet clear (Cherif et al 2016;Mattson 2019). Whereas many investigators speculate that the effect of shortterm fasting on memory may originate from a change in energy expenditure (Mattson 2019), our recent results using the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis clearly demonstrate that the insulin increase during short-term fasting creates an optimal internal state for the formation of memory (Totani et al 2020b(Totani et al , 2020c. In the present study, we provide evidence that insulin is a key factor underlying the memory enhancement that occurs during short-term fasting and discuss the insulin signaling cascades involved in this effect.…”

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confidence: 99%

Memory-enhancing effects of short-term fasting

Totani

Nakai

Hatakeyama

et al. 2020

The European Zoological Journal

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Many recent reports describe memory-enhancing effects of short-term fasting, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that the insulin increase occurring during short-term fasting is a key factor in forming the optimal internal state for memory enhancement. The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis exhibits conditioned taste aversion and recalls it when food-deprived for 1 day (i.e., short-term fasting). Recent experiments showed that this memory recall is regulated by insulin. The results of the present study suggest that cascades from insulin receptor activation to new protein synthesis are involved in the enhancing effects of short-term fasting on memory consolidation and recall.

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An Evolutionary Perspective on Why Food Overconsumption Impairs Cognition

Cited by 70 publications

References 116 publications

SIRT3 mediates hippocampal synaptic adaptations to intermittent fasting and ameliorates deficits in APP mutant mice

SIRT3 mediates hippocampal synaptic adaptations to intermittent fasting and ameliorates deficits in APP mutant mice

Induction of LTM following an Insulin Injection

Memory-enhancing effects of short-term fasting

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