“…On the other hand, complementary strategies aim to support the final buy in case of a discrepancy between the realized demand and the order quantity. The wide literature on business strategies complementing a final order includes, but is not limited to, repairing defective spare parts collected from customers (Behfard et al, 2015(Behfard et al, , 2018 while repairing may not be feasible for some of them (van Kooten and Tan, 2009), buying back functional or dysfunctional used products to take them apart and obtain the recoverable spare parts (Pourakbar et al, 2014;Kleber et al, 2012), considering budget constraints (Hur et al, 2018) or multiple spare parts in the bill-of-materials of a main product (Bradley and Guerrero, 2009), extending customer contracts (Pinçe et al, 2015;Leifker et al, 2014), designing a new product to replace the obsolete one (design refresh) (Shen and Willems, 2014;Shi and Liu, 2020), partially scrapping spare parts in case of over-stocking , differentiating customers based on demand criticality or service contracts , re-manufacturing (Shi, 2019;Bayındır et al, 2007), finding outside/alternative sources Frenk et al, 2019a;van der Heijden and Iskandar, 2013;Jack and Van der Duyn Schouten, 2000), and finally, obviating the need to place a final order at time zero (Cattani and Souza, 2003;Teunter and Haneveld, 2002;Pinçe and Dekker, 2011). Common to all the studies above is the fact that the end-of-life management problem considered is more than an inventory problem and hence several actions should be considered simultaneously.…”