An Examination of Adolescent Athletes and Nonathletes on Baseline Neuropsychological Test Scores

Tomczyk, Christopher P.; Mormile, Megan E.; Wittenberg, Megan; Langdon, Jody L.; Hunt, Tamerah

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-84-17

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The only VSS out of the six assessed that was shown to be comparable between netball players and non-athletes was visual memory. A study by Tomczyk et al (55) and this study's results are comparable. Another study compared the visual memory capacity of non-athlete college students to that of team sport athletes and found no significant differences (56) but researchers also examined exercise's potential to enhance visual memory, the capacity to actively monitor, alter, and interpret fresh information.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Differences in visio-spatial intelligence between non-athletes and netball players

Mathe

Millard²,

Breukelman³

et al. 2023

Front. Sports Act. Living

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There is conflicting evidence regarding whether athletes have better visio-spatial skills than non-athletes. This gap may result from athletes' superiority in only some visio-spatial abilities (VSS), rather than all areas of vision. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a significant difference in the visio-spatial intelligence between female netball players (n = 40) and non-athletes (n = 40) when comparing six visual skills (accommodation facility, saccadic eye movement, speed of recognition, peripheral awareness, hand-eye coordination, and visual memory). Following an optometric evaluation, the participants were assessed in six distinct established tests, including the hart near far rock, saccadic eye movement, evasion, accumulator, ball wall toss tests, and flash memory, to evaluate the VSS components of non-athletes and premier league netball players. For five of the six tests, there was a statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) difference between netball players and non-athletes. Conversely, there is no concrete evidence that netball players have better visual memory than non-athletes (p = 0.277). When compared to non-athletes, netball players have significantly improved accommodation facility (p < .001), saccadic eye movements (p < .001), speed of recognition (p < .001), peripheral awareness (p < .001), and hand-eye coordination (p < .001), but not visual memory (p = 0.277). The findings that netball players perform better on a certain VSS have broad ramifications for theories of sport vision, the optimal way to choose tests, and the creation of VSS testing batteries for specific sports.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Differences in visio-spatial intelligence between non-athletes and netball players

Mathe

Millard²,

Breukelman³

et al. 2023

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…In the future, it would be advantageous to collect larger samples with baseline (ie, preinjury) data of athletes to explore within-and betweengroup differences across subtests included in each of the assessment modalities investigated to further assist in clinical decision-making. There is research to indicate nuanced differences (ie, premorbid cognitive strengths and weaknesses) in the performance of different athlete groups and nonathletes on traditional concussion assessment tools, [49][50][51] which were not accounted for in this study, as our control group consisted of individuals from the local community regardless of their participation in sport. In the future, it would be advantageous to use a multimodal assessment to compare athletes with a concussion to a control group of athletes with other types of injuries (eg, orthopedic injuries).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal Assessment of Sport-Related Concussion

Sherry¹,

Fazio-Sumrok²,

Sufrinko³

et al. 2021

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine which assessments best identify athletes with sport-related concussion (SRC) from healthy controls in the acute/early subacute phase (within 10 days of SRC) of injury. Design: Prospective, cohort study. Setting: Specialty concussion clinic. Participants: Sixty-four athletes with SRC (52% male) and 59 matched (age and sex), healthy controls (56% male) aged 12 to 20 years (Mean [M] = 15.07, Standard Deviation [SD] = 2.23). Assessment: Participants completed symptom, cognitive, vestibular/oculomotor, near point of convergence (NPC), and balance assessments. Main Outcome Measures: Univariate analyses were conducted to compare athletes with SRC to healthy controls across all assessments. Assessments that significantly differed between the SRC group and healthy controls were used as predictors in an enter method logistic regression (LR) model and subsequent forward stepwise LR. Results: Results of LR analyses indicated that symptom inventory and symptom provocation on vestibular/oculomotor assessments significantly predicted athletes with SRC versus controls. The forward stepwise LR accurately classified 84.6% of the overall sample (78.3% of athletes with SRC and 91.2% of controls were accurately predicted) and accounted for 60.5% of the variance in predicting athletes with SRC versus controls. Total symptom inventory score (P = 0.003) and vestibular/oculomotor symptom provocation (P < 0.01) were the most sensitive and specific measures in a comprehensive, multimodal assessment for distinguishing athletes with SRC from healthy controls within 10 days of injury. Conclusions: Elements within a multimodal evaluation that are the most robust at discriminating athletes with SRC from healthy controls in the acute/early subacute phase of injury include symptom report and provocation of symptoms on vestibular/oculomotor assessment. These assessments should be considered in conjunction with other objective assessments (ie, NPC measurement and cognitive testing) as part of a comprehensive evaluation of SRC.

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“…In the sports field, these visual skills may be determined by the type of physical activity (Gao, Chen, Yang, & Wang, 2015). There seem to be differences on visual skills between athletes and non-athletes (Tomczyk, Mormile, Wittenberg, Langdon, & Hunt, 2018). Furthermore, elite athletes show better visual abilities than their novice sport mates (Smith, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air shooting competition effects on visual skills depending on the sport level

Mon‐López

Bernárdez-Vilaboa

Quintana

et al. 2021

European Journal of Sport Science

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Olympic shooting is a sport with high demands of accuracy. Minimal visual errors could be related to performance losses. However, not all visual skills have been studied in depth in this sport. The main objectives of this study were to compare differences in shooters' visual skills by level and to analyze the competition effect on them. Sixty-six participants were distributed in three groups (non-athletes, elite and non-elite). Eleven visual variables were tested in four skills groups (visual acuity, heterophoria, accommodation functions and other visual skills). The data were collected through a pre-and post-competition simulation test. The results of the study showed differences between groups by shooting sport level. In general, shooters had higher visual acuity values than non-athletes p < .001 with large size effects (d between 1.01 and 2.35), and elite shooters presented higher values of accommodation than non-elite shooters p < .05 with large size effects (d between 0.88 and 0.97). Furthermore, different visual skills were modified after competition depending on the shooting level. Specifically, visual accommodation skills were only improved in elite shooters. Finally, our study suggests that elite shooters employ different visual strategies or skills to non-elite shooters and that shooting activity is closely related to some specific visual skills. This aspect should be considered by coaches in the design of optimal visual trainings and improve the shooters' performance. Highlights:. Shooters showed better acuity skills than non-athletes.. Shooting activity seems to improve visual acuity skills, binocular visual time and eye-hand coordination in non-elite shooters, and accommodation and eye-hand coordination in elite shooters immediately after the competition simulation. . Elite shooters employ different visual strategies or skills to non-elite shooters.. Non-dominant eye occlusion may benefit binocular vision recovery by inhibiting aiming action and the use of accommodative flexibility could be related to the QE during the shot.

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An Examination of Adolescent Athletes and Nonathletes on Baseline Neuropsychological Test Scores

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

Differences in visio-spatial intelligence between non-athletes and netball players

Differences in visio-spatial intelligence between non-athletes and netball players

Multimodal Assessment of Sport-Related Concussion

Air shooting competition effects on visual skills depending on the sport level

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