An examination of message-relevant affect in road safety messages: Should road safety advertisements aim to make us feel good or bad?

Lewis, Ioni; Watson, Barry C.; White, Katherine M.

doi:10.1016/j.trf.2008.03.003

Cited by 106 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…4 August 2014334 http://dx.doi.org/10.15206/ajpor.2014 likelihood of message influence on the self and those closest (self and family (88%)), and other supporting voters (91%) than on the others (uncertain voters (76%), opposition supporters (78%)). These findings support the earlier research on "reverse" third-person effect or first-person effect, that message desirability plays a key role in persuasion and positive influence on self and others (Duck et al, 1995;Day, 2006;Lewis, Watson & Tay, 2007;Spinda, 2009;Lewis, Watson, & White, 2008). The study indicates that the BN respondents display a high confidence in predicting the influence of the BN political communication devices on self, others, and distant others.…”

Section: Discussion On the Findings Of The Studysupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of Political Campaign Materials on Party and Non-Party Voting Supporters

Idid¹,

Souket²

2014

Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research

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Political parties would normally claim that their campaign and communication materials have effects on voters, be it on their supporters or their opponents during election campaigns. However, such effects are assumed effects by the parties unless voters are themselves assessed about the effects of such materials on themselves. The supporters of the parties are likely to regard such campaign materials as congenial to them but this may not be so with the opposition supporters who would regard such materials as negative.Taking the third-person effect to analyze effects on the audience as the theoretical framework, this study posited that opposition members would regard the materials as negative and thus would claim that they would not have any effect on them but they would likely say that such campaign materials would have effects on own party supporters. Davison (1983) posited that individuals will perceive that negative mediated messages would have their greatest impact not "on me" or "you" but on "them,"-the third person.Research suggests that people judge others to be more influenced than they are by media, advertising, libelous messages, media violence, pornography, and television drama. The theory referred to as the Third-person effect developed on the postulation that audience members would not admit that media had any direct effect on them, but would instead believe that the media influenced others, the third person (Tewksbury, Moy, & Weis, 2004; Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research -ISSN 2288-6168 (Online) Vol. 1 No. 4 August 2014 308 http://dx.doi.org/10.15206/ajpor.2014 Price, Tewksbury, & Huang, 1998). On the other hand, while people would discount the effects of negative or biased messages on themselves, they would, under the notion of the First Person Effect, readily admit to being influenced by such messages.This study was based on studying the effects of political literature on party and opposition party supporters taking the messages to be positive to one group and biased and partisan to another group. The study focuses on the assumed effects of political literature on own party and opposition party supporters. It traces the degree of influence of Malaysia's largest political party, Barisan Nasional (BN) political communication literature on its own supporters and on non-BN party supporters. While the third-person effect assumes a null or minimal effect on one's self and some or strong effect on others, the question that arises are on welcoming favorable media effects on oneself and assuming unfavorable effects on others.

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Section: Discussion On the Findings Of The Studysupporting

confidence: 88%

Effects of Political Campaign Materials on Party and Non-Party Voting Supporters

Idid¹,

Souket²

2014

Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research

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“…Along with these general indications that the ELM precedes the TPB, there are specific assertions about how the independent variables of the two theories may connect, such as the extent to which involvement (Lewis et al, 2008;, strong arguments and sufficient time to read material (aiding ability to process) are associated with more positive attitudes (Hill et al, 2007).…”

Section: (Insert Figure 3 About Here)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating communication to optimise consumer-directed energy efficiency interventions

Wilson

2014

Energy Policy

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Awareness campaigns, education and training programmes, label schemes and smart metering are all initiatives based on the principle that more and better information will encourage consumers to use less energy. Initiatives of this type can realise efficiency savings of up to 30%, and are likely to remain politically popular while preferred by the public to legislation or fines. While widespread, such programmes can have mixed performance, with savings often not reaching potential. This article investigates whether existing theoretical models can usefully be combined for evaluations of such message-oriented programmes. To do this it examines relationships between the variables of the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) using empirical data from participants exposed to energy behaviour change projects. Analysis revealed that when used together, the theories may offer insight into the impact of messaging.While a single exploratory study can only describe what has occurred, it offers initial evidence to advocate further analysis of the potential of the combined framework. The author offers an illustration of how the framework might be utilised by other schemes by example of its application to a major EU project to save energy in Europe's public buildings.

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“…On the topic of alcohol, TPE of beer commercials that encourage alcohol consumption (Lambe & McLeod, 2005, pp. 281-282) or affects like humorous and fear-evoking anti-drink driving messages (Lewis, Watson, & White, 2008) are studied. A conclusion from the latter being that content context (media type) is most relevant for TPE and behavioral consequences in relation to whom this significant "other" is (Lambe & McLeod, 2005, p. 290).…”

Section: General Support Of Occurrence Of Tpe Among Children Is Not Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Henriksen and Flora (1999) Revisited—A Literature Review on Third-Person Effects and Children/Adolescents

Sandstig¹

2013

JLAS

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In this literature review on TPE (third-person effects) and the behavioral consequences on children, the research questions posed are how the body of knowledge has evolved since the first empirical evidence of TPE among children and what knowledge gaps that remain. The traceable developments are two: (1) Compared to the vast amount of articles on TPE in general, the 59 identified on the topic of children are few and two thirds actually focus on adolescents/young adults rather than children. The reason put forward for studying younger children is the urge to prevent risky behavior through media literacy programs or pro-social advertisements; and (2) The studies have not primarily addressed results to support occurrence of TPE among children. Rather they support parental TPE or among the adolescents that TPE and reverse TPE occur due to certain kind of media content. The discussion on knowledge gaps that remain follow three themes: (1) Differentiations between self and others are in psychological studies implied to occur among children between the ages of 3-4 years old, yet no study address how children develop TPE; (2) There is a tendency to follow the more general development within TPE research with the renewed interest in behavioral consequences. But the primary behavioral consequence studied in TPE in general and within studies of TPE and children is support for censorship. Few studies address "real" behavioral consequences like parental mediation; and (3) There is also a need for more theoretically coherent research on the importance of social distance.

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An examination of message-relevant affect in road safety messages: Should road safety advertisements aim to make us feel good or bad?

Cited by 106 publications

References 43 publications

Effects of Political Campaign Materials on Party and Non-Party Voting Supporters

Effects of Political Campaign Materials on Party and Non-Party Voting Supporters

Evaluating communication to optimise consumer-directed energy efficiency interventions

Henriksen and Flora (1999) Revisited—A Literature Review on Third-Person Effects and Children/Adolescents

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