An examination of racial bias in the Beck Depression Inventory-II.

Sashidharan, Tracy; Pawlow, Laura A.; Pettibone, Jonathan C.

doi:10.1037/a0027689

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The applied study instruments were mainly self-developed and not validated. Many psychological instruments were developed and standardized based on a primarily Caucasian population and thus they were inappropriate to be applied to minority groups [87, 88]. Six of the studies [61, 63, 64, 66, 68, 72, 73] that were included in the final summary employed four validated instruments in total (Tables 1 to 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six of the studies [61, 63, 64, 66, 68, 72, 73] that were included in the final summary employed four validated instruments in total (Tables 1 to 4). Three instruments were successfully tested for cross-cultural validity, whereas the Beck Depression Inventory was tested among African-American and Caucasian students [88], the Job Content Questionnaire among Malay nurses [89], Iranian healthcare workers [90, 91] and hospital workers in Taiwan [92]. The same applies to the Nurses Work Index, which was validated for hospital nurses in South Korea [93] and Asian nurses working in the US [94].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health situation of migrant and minority nurses: A systematic review

et al. 2017

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IntroductionGlobally, life expectancy together with multimorbidity and chronic diseases are increasing. This leads to a growing demand for care and hence for healthcare personnel and nurses. To meet this demand, healthcare workers from abroad are increasingly hired. The nurses’ workplace in general is characterized by physically and psychologically demanding tasks, while that of migrant and minority nurses is additionally characterized by discriminatory practices. The present knowledge about the health of migrant and minority nurses and the terminology in this context are diverse. Thus, the purpose of this review is to systematically identify and synthesize international publications that explicitly focus on migrant nurses’ health.Materials and methodsA systematic review of relevant studies was undertaken using the databases Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Science. The screening process was conducted in several phases. This review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines while the methodological quality assessment of the included papers was performed with the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT).ResultsOut of 11,599 citations initially obtained, 14 empirical studies were included in the final synthesis. The methodological quality of the empirical studies and reviews was diverse. The majority of the studies were conducted in the US and the nurses under study migrated from countries like the Philippines, India, Europe, and Africa. Among migrant nurses of different origins, there are differences in their physiological responses to stress. Migrant nurses and native nurses differ in reporting work-related injuries.DiscussionMigrant and minority nurses are at high risk of work-related injuries and discrimination than native or majority nurses. However, mixed results were obtained, namely that the reported health of migrant nurses either improves over time or it decreases. This review revealed that discrimination is the leading cause of impaired health amongst migrant and minority nurses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health situation of migrant and minority nurses: A systematic review

et al. 2017

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“…Psychometric evaluations of the BDI-II have revealed that the test has high internal consistency (a ¼ .92) and adequate construct and factorial validity (Beck et al, 1996). Sashidharan, Pawlow, and Pettibone (2012) detected no racial biases in the BDI-II and added that the test is a valid measure of depressive symptoms among African Americans. Similarly, Grothe et al (2005) examined the reliability of the measure among low-income African Americans, which demonstrated high internal consistency (a ¼ .90) and yielded good item-total intercorrelations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Understanding the Link Between Multiple Oppressions and Depression Among African American Women

Carr

Szymanski

Taha

et al. 2013

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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The purpose of our study was to examine the multiple oppression experiences of sexual objectification, racism, and gendered racism as predictors of depressive symptoms among a clinical sample of low-income African American women. In addition, we examined coping with oppression via internalization (i.e., the tendency to attribute responsibility or the cause of an oppressive event to oneself) as a mediator between these three intersecting forms of oppression and depressive symptoms. Participants included 144 African American women who sought some type of mental health treatment at a U.S. southeastern, public, urban, university-affiliated hospital that attends to a primarily indigent and underserved population. The results of our mediational analysis using bootstrapping provided support for a theorized model in which coping with oppressive events via internalization mediated the links between sexual objectification and depression and between racist events and depression but not between gendered racism and depression. In addition, a unique and direct effect of racist events on depression was found. Finally, the four variables in the model accounted for 42% of variance in depression scores. The study includes implications for future research and clinical work such as exploration of other mediators and the importance of comprehensive intake assessments and multicultural/feminist coping interventions.

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“…Questions about the efficacy of this measure have been raised by other researchers (Sashidharan et al, 2012). In their 2012 study, they examined whether the BDI-II contained racial bias.…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BDI has been challenged regarding its appropriateness in use in African Americans since it was developed using primarily young white men and women in Canada (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996; Sashidharan, Pawlow, & Pettibone, 2012). The dangers of using a psychological instrument on subjects that it was not initially designed for are emphasized in another assessment measure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beck Depression Inventory-II: Factor Analyses with Three Groups of Midlife Women of African Descent in the Midwest, the South, and the U.S. Virgin Islands

Gary

Yarandi

Evans

et al. 2017

Issues in Mental Health Nursing

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This research encompasses a factor analysis of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), which involves three groups of midlife women of African descent who reside in the Midwest, the South, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. The purpose of the study was to determine the factor structure of the BDI-II when administered to a sample of women aged 40–65 of African descent who reside in the three distinct geographical regions of the United States. A correlational, descriptive design was used, and 536 women of African descent were invited to participate in face-to-face interviews that transpired in community settings. Results of the factor analysis revealed a two-factor explanation. Factor one included symptoms such as punishment feelings and pessimism (cognitive), and the second factor included symptoms such as tiredness and loss of energy (somatic-affective). The application of the Beck Depression Inventory-II among the three groups of women generated specific information about each group and common findings across the groups. Knowledge gained from the research could help to guide specific intervention programs for the three groups of women, and explicate the common approaches that could be used for the three groups.

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An examination of racial bias in the Beck Depression Inventory-II.

Cited by 26 publications

References 28 publications

Health situation of migrant and minority nurses: A systematic review

Health situation of migrant and minority nurses: A systematic review

Understanding the Link Between Multiple Oppressions and Depression Among African American Women

Beck Depression Inventory-II: Factor Analyses with Three Groups of Midlife Women of African Descent in the Midwest, the South, and the U.S. Virgin Islands

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