An Examination of the Reduction in the Number of Female Interscholastic Coaches

Hart, Barbara A.; Hasbrook, Cynthia A.; Mathes, Sharon

doi:10.1080/02701367.1986.10605390

Cited by 68 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…West and Brackenridge in as early as 1990 stated that women are less confident than their male colleagues in adopting leadership roles. Prior to this, studies by Acosta and Carpenter (1985), Hart et al (1986) and Pease and Drabelle (1988) all concluded that many women do not aspire to apply for coaching positions. What the present study contributes is why women feel less self-efficacious and less driven to undergo coaching development and why women, who are already in the coaching system, prefer to remain in lower levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A crisis of confidence: women coaches' responses to their engagement in resistance

Norman

2012

Sport, Education and Society

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This study centres upon the accounts of master women coaches based in the UK, exploring how they have individually experienced such acts of resistance as reaching the top of such a male dominated profession. By going beyond previous positivist feminist approaches to this focus of inquiry, I employ a feminist cultural studies framework to understand how the social construction of what it means to be a woman impacts women coaches' individual sense of self and confidence to lead.The discussions are based upon semi-structured in-depth interviews with six senior national women coaches of team sports in the UK. The data highlights the success of masculine hegemony of coaching through documenting women's reluctance to advance their coaching career through a lack of self-belief and motivation as a consequence of their culturally and historically marginal position. The findings illustrate a pressing need for a revision of the dominant values inherent in professional sport in order to engage and retain potential women leaders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A crisis of confidence: women coaches' responses to their engagement in resistance

Norman

2012

Sport, Education and Society

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“…Research among coaches has indicated that women, relative to men, leave the coaching profession at an earlier age (Sagas et al 2000;Knoppers et al 1991) and express less interest in becoming a head coach (Cunningham and Sagas 2002;Cunningham et al 2007). The positions left vacant by women are oftentimes filled by men (Hart et al 1986), thereby serving to further increase the discrepancies in the proportion of men and women serving as head coaches. In seeking to understand why such differences exist, researchers have pointed to differences between men and women in self-efficacy Cunningham et al 2003), the anticipated outcomes associated with being a head coach ), support from administrators (Dixon and Sagas 2007), perceived opportunities in the profession (Knoppers et al 1991), and the Title IX compliance of the department in which the coach works (Sagas and Batista 2001).…”

Section: Micro Level Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Sex Diversity in Sport Organizations: Introduction to a Special Issue

Cunningham

Sagas

2007

Sex Roles

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The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Special Issue on gender and sex diversity in sport organizations. In doing so, we first provide a brief outline of the extant literature, emphasizing the research and theoretical developments at the macro, meso, and micro level of analysis. Based on this framework and review, we allude to the communalities and intricacies in the existing understanding of sex and gender in the sport workplace. Further, we highlight how the contributions in the Special Issue address these voids and can serve as a catalyst to continued scholarly work in the area.

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“…Research supported this supposition finding men often filled most vacancies as women who entered coaching left the profession more often (Chesebro, 1985;Heishman et al, 1990). Furthermore, Hart et al (1986) cited studies that indicated the percentage of women coaching girls' teams declined from 98% to less than 50% in some states from 1972 to 1982. The trend since 1982 has worsened.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In summary, most interscholastic coaching studies failed to provide an indepth analysis of satisfaction, which has been deemed important to retention/ turnover by previous research (e.g., Hart et al, 1986;Pastore, 1994). Also, most coaching studies that focused on the satisfaction retention/turnover association, used a limited content based measure of satisfaction (e.g., Dixon and Pastore, 2003;Sagas and Batista, 2001;Sagas and Ashley, 2001).…”

Section: Statedmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Those studies that do exist have focused on specific retention strategies as opposed to first developing a satisfaction based foundation (e.g., Hart et al, 1986, Pastore, 1994. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to bridge the gap that exists in the literature and provide a process and content based analysis of job satisfaction of interscholastic coaches of girls' sports.…”

Section: Satisfaction Differences Of Male and Female Coachesmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The Impact of Comparisons on the Satisfaction of Interscholastic Coaches of Girls’ Sports

Smucker

Whisenant

2005

Public Organiz Rev

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According to previous work in the coaching field, job satisfaction has been found to be an important work related variable, critical to retention and turnover of female coaches [Chelladurai, P., and E. Ogasawara. (2003). “Satisfaction and Commitment of American and Japanese Collegiate Coaches.” Journal of Sport Management 17, 62–73; Sagas, M., and F.B. Ashley. (2001). “Gender Differences in the Intent to Leave Coaching: Testing the Role of Personal, External, and Work-Related Variables.” International Journal of Sport Management 2(4), 297–313]. The current study provides a better understanding of the work environment of coaches of girls’ sports by combining satisfaction and comparisons used in this process. Male and female coaches (n=202) employed full-time at Texas public high schools completed a questionnaire containing the Job Descriptive Index [Smith, P.C., L.M. Kendall, and C.C. Hulin. (1969). The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement. New York: Rand McNally.], the Job In General (Ironson et al., 1997), a referent comparison instrument, and demographic information. The findings indicated significant satisfaction differences based on gender and comparison other. Copyright Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2005job satisfaction, coaching, referent comparisons, interscholastic,

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An Examination of the Reduction in the Number of Female Interscholastic Coaches

Cited by 68 publications

References 6 publications

A crisis of confidence: women coaches' responses to their engagement in resistance

A crisis of confidence: women coaches' responses to their engagement in resistance

Gender and Sex Diversity in Sport Organizations: Introduction to a Special Issue

The Impact of Comparisons on the Satisfaction of Interscholastic Coaches of Girls’ Sports

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