An examination of the relationship between flowering times and temperature at the national scale using long-term phenological records from the UK

Sparks, Tim H.; Jeffree, E. P.; Jeffree, C. E.

doi:10.1007/s004840000049

Cited by 365 publications

(313 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Flowering time tracking was calculated as the correlation between first flowering day and mean monthly temperature in January, April and May. This aggregate temperature has been found to be the best predictor of first flowering day in Concord , and similar measures have been used in several other temperate floras (Sparks et al 2000;Fitter & Fitter 2002;. In previous analyses, we examined several additional ecologically relevant traits to determine the most likely explanation for the pattern of species' change in abundance (Willis et al 2008(Willis et al , 2010.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of phylogeny to the study of phenological response to global climate change

Davis

Willis

Primack

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

166

160

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Climate change has resulted in major changes in the phenology-i.e. the timing of seasonal activities, such as flowering and bird migration-of some species but not others. These differential responses have been shown to result in ecological mismatches that can have negative fitness consequences. However, the ways in which climate change has shaped changes in biodiversity within and across communities are not well understood. Here, we build on our previous results that established a link between plant species' phenological response to climate change and a phylogenetic bias in species' decline in the eastern United States. We extend a similar approach to plant and bird communities in the United States and the UK that further demonstrates that climate change has differentially impacted species based on their phylogenetic relatedness and shared phenological responses. In plants, phenological responses to climate change are often shared among closely related species (i.e. clades), even between geographically disjunct communities. And in some cases, this has resulted in a phylogenetically biased pattern of non-native species success. In birds, the pattern of decline is phylogenetically biased but is not solely explained by phenological response, which suggests that other traits may better explain this pattern. These results illustrate the ways in which phylogenetic thinking can aid in making generalizations of practical importance and enhance efforts to predict species' responses to future climate change.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of phylogeny to the study of phenological response to global climate change

Davis

Willis

Primack

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

166

160

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“…degree-days) often predicts well the date of flowering in plants (e.g. Jackson 1966;Diekmann 1996), and flowering phenology commonly tracks interannual variation in air temperatures (Fitter et al 1995;Sparks et al 2000;Miller-Rushing et al 2007). Heat accumulation similarly affects development rate and, hence, the timing of appearance of adults, in many economically important insect species (Embree 1970;Kemp & Onsager 1986;Régnière et al 2007).…”

Section: (B) Photoperiodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a synthetic understanding of the role of phenology in ecology and evolution

Forrest

Miller‐Rushing

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

598

525

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Phenology affects nearly all aspects of ecology and evolution. Virtually all biological phenomenafrom individual physiology to interspecific relationships to global nutrient fluxes-have annual cycles and are influenced by the timing of abiotic events. Recent years have seen a surge of interest in this topic, as an increasing number of studies document phenological responses to climate change. Much recent research has addressed the genetic controls on phenology, modelling techniques and ecosystem-level and evolutionary consequences of phenological change. To date, however, these efforts have tended to proceed independently. Here, we bring together some of these disparate lines of inquiry to clarify vocabulary, facilitate comparisons among habitat types and promote the integration of ideas and methodologies across different disciplines and scales. We discuss the relationship between phenology and life history, the distinction between organismal-and population-level perspectives on phenology and the influence of phenology on evolutionary processes, communities and ecosystems. Future work should focus on linking ecological and physiological aspects of phenology, understanding the demographic effects of phenological change and explicitly accounting for seasonality and phenology in forecasts of ecological and evolutionary responses to climate change.

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“…This could also be true for flowering phenology, as reproductive shoots were found to be less frost resistant than vegetative tissue (Ladinig, Hacker, Neuner, & Wagner, 2013). Advances in flowering phenology might, however, lead to increased fecundity if there is no mismatch with pollinating insects (Baeten, Sercu, Bonte, Vanhellemont, & Verheyen, 2015; Sparks, Jeffree, & Jeffree, 2000). Overall, studies confirmed that the performance and abundance of species with an advanced phenology increased, whereas the performance of the others decreased (Baeten et al., 2015; Cleland et al., 2012; Hulme, 2011; Willis, Ruhfel, Primack, Miller‐Rushing, & Davis, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traits and climate are associated with first flowering day in herbaceous species along elevational gradients

Bucher

König

Menzel

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Phenological responses to changing temperatures are known as “fingerprints of climate change,” yet these reactions are highly species specific. To assess whether different plant characteristics are related to these species‐specific responses in flowering phenology, we observed the first flowering day (FFD) of ten herbaceous species along two elevational gradients, representing temperature gradients. On the same populations, we measured traits being associated with (1) plant performance (specific leaf area), (2) leaf biochemistry (leaf C, N, P, K, and Mg content), and (3) water‐use efficiency (stomatal pore area index and stable carbon isotopes concentration). We found that as elevation increased, FFD was delayed for all species with a highly species‐specific rate. Populations at higher elevations needed less temperature accumulation to start flowering than populations of the same species at lower elevations. Surprisingly, traits explained a higher proportion of variance in the phenological data than elevation. Earlier flowering was associated with higher water‐use efficiency, higher leaf C, and lower leaf P content. In addition to that, the intensity of shifts in FFD was related to leaf N and K. These results propose that traits have a high potential in explaining phenological variations, which even surpassed the effect of temperature changes in our study. Therefore, they have a high potential to be included in future analyses studying the effects of climate change and will help to improve predictions of vegetation changes.

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An examination of the relationship between flowering times and temperature at the national scale using long-term phenological records from the UK

Cited by 365 publications

References 8 publications

The importance of phylogeny to the study of phenological response to global climate change

The importance of phylogeny to the study of phenological response to global climate change

Toward a synthetic understanding of the role of phenology in ecology and evolution

Traits and climate are associated with first flowering day in herbaceous species along elevational gradients

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