An Exergoeconomic Analysis of a Gas-Type Industrial Drying System of Black Tea

Zeng, Zhiheng; Li, Bin; Han, Chongyang; Wu, Wenwang; Wang, Xiaoming; Xu, Jian; Zheng, Zefeng; Ma, Baoqi; Hu, Zhibiao

doi:10.3390/e24050655

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The specific energy consumption (SEC) showed a decreasing trend with increasing drying temperature (Table 1). Similar findings have been reported in previous studies on drying tea [11] and herbal leaves [10]. The SEC of treatment T1 was 48.24 MJ/kg of moisture, which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to T3 and T5.…”

Section: Specific Energy Consumptionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Optimization of Black Tea Drying Temperature in an Endless Chain Pressure (ECP) Dryer

Abhiram,

Diraj,

Eeswaran

2023

AgriEngineering

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Drying is a crucial and energy-consuming process in black tea manufacturing that is aimed at reducing moisture content and terminating enzymatic reactions in tea leaves. In Sri Lanka, an endless chain pressure (ECP) dryer is commonly used for drying, but it consumes a significant amount of energy, necessitating the optimization of drying conditions. The current drying temperature at the Houpe tea factory in Ratnapura, Sri Lanka is 121 °C (250 °F), and it has not been optimized for a considerable period. As a result, energy consumption and wastage are high, leading to an inferior quality of black tea. To optimize factory conditions, tea leaves were dried under different temperatures: 115 (T1), 118 (T2), 121 (T3), 124 (T4), and 127 (T5) °C. Energy consumption, energy wastage, and specific energy consumption (SEC) for tea drying were calculated. Additionally, chemical and sensory analyses of samples of made tea were performed. SEC and energy wastage were significantly (p < 0.05) lower for treatments T1 and T2 than for other treatments. The theaflavin and thearubigin contents were significantly (p < 0.05) higher while total phenolic content was moderate for treatment T2. The sensory parameters of T2 outperformed other treatments. Based on these results, the optimum drying temperature for the ECP dryer was determined to be 118 °C and this temperature has been recommended for this factory.

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Section: Specific Energy Consumptionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Optimization of Black Tea Drying Temperature in an Endless Chain Pressure (ECP) Dryer

Abhiram,

Diraj,

Eeswaran

2023

AgriEngineering

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“…Preheating the drying cabinet before conducting the drying experiment is to reduce the impact of the thermal inertia on the drying experiment (Zeng et al, 2022). A laboratory scale constant temperature hot air cabinet drier was applied to conduct the drying experiment with the hot air temperatures of 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C.…”

Section: Experimental Methods and Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of drying characteristic, effective moisture diffusivity and energy, exergy and environment performance indicators during thin layer drying of tea in a convective-hot air dryer

Zeng,

Han,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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The objective of this study is mainly to analyze the drying kinetic parameters, effective diffusivity, and thermodynamic performance indicators (energy, exergy, heat, and mass transfer coefficients) of tea under different drying conditions of different drying temperatures (DT) and thin layer thicknesses (TT). Experimental drying was conducted at drying temperatures of 70°C, 80°C, and 90°C with thin layer thicknesses of 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm. The results show that a higher drying temperature and a lower thin layer thickness can increase evaporation moisture content and shorten drying time. By evaluating and comparing the fitting of five drying models adopted by the coefficient of determination (R2) and chi-square (χ2), it can be found that the logarithmic model is the best to describe drying behavior. The effective moisture diffusivity shows a positively correlated trend with the increase in DT and TT, with the value of activation energy ranging from 14.030 to 22.344 kJ mol−1 K−1. The specific moisture evaporation rate (SMER), energy efficiency, exergy efficiency, and sustainability index (SI) descend as the TT increases at all DT; the specific energy consumption (SEC) and improvement potential (IP) rate perform in an opposite manner, but the TT remains unchange. The conclusion drawn from the thermodynamic parameters is opposite to the aforementioned. As the TT increases, the heat and mass transfer coefficients show a significant decrease trend. In addition, the heat and mass transfer coefficients are given as functions of DT and TT, and further knowledge shows that the mass transfer coefficient is positively correlated with DT but the heat transfer coefficient is negatively correlated. In conclusion, this article provides new insights into the effects of drying characteristics, energy consumption characteristics and heat and mass transfer characteristics in the process of tea drying under different drying conditions, and provides certain theoretical reference bases for promoting the optimization of industrialized tea drying production machinery design and drying process optimization.

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“…The structure, function and interaction of complex equipment are highly integrated and coordinated, showing the characteristics of a typical complex system, which is the root cause of the complexity of the complex equipment system [ 4 ]. In order to maintain good performance operation and continuously and efficiently provide convenience for people, it is necessary to check the equipment itself and evaluate its performance status [ 5 ]. On the one hand, complex equipment systems are related to people’s livelihood and national defense, and once an accident occurs, it poses a huge threat to people’s lives and property.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of Complex Equipment Considering Resume Information

Zhou

et al. 2022

Entropy

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It is of great significance to obtain the performance state of complex equipment to protect equipment and maintain its normal operation. The majority of the performance evaluation methods are based on test data, but resume information is not considered. With its wide applicability and completeness, the resume information can be used in the comprehensive evaluation of equipment in various non-testing situations. By incorporating resume information into the performance evaluation of complex equipment, the flexible use of test data and resume information can result in a more comprehensive and accurate evaluation. Therefore, this paper focuses on the evaluation method of complex equipment performance based on evidential reasoning (ER) considering resume information. In order to unify the test data and resume information in the same framework, a novel method is proposed to transform them into the ER-based performance evaluation. On this basis, according to the index types, different reliability calculation methods are put forward, with one being based on the first-order fitting coefficient of variation, and the other being based on average time to failure; the index weight is analyzed based on the method of expert weight construction. Then, the transformed information with reliability and weight are fused by the ER rule. Finally, a performance evaluation case of a certain inertial measurement unit (IMU) is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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An Exergoeconomic Analysis of a Gas-Type Industrial Drying System of Black Tea

Cited by 4 publications

References 51 publications

Optimization of Black Tea Drying Temperature in an Endless Chain Pressure (ECP) Dryer

Optimization of Black Tea Drying Temperature in an Endless Chain Pressure (ECP) Dryer

Analysis of drying characteristic, effective moisture diffusivity and energy, exergy and environment performance indicators during thin layer drying of tea in a convective-hot air dryer

Performance Evaluation of Complex Equipment Considering Resume Information

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