An Expansin Gene Expressed in Ripening Strawberry Fruit

Civello, Pedro Marcos; Powell, Ann; Sabehat, Adnan; Bennett, A. B.

doi:10.1104/pp.121.4.1273

Cited by 179 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For example, ripening-regulated and cell wall-related cDNAs such as expansin (F22), extensin-like/Prorich protein (F93), and polygalacturonase (D15) did not show any change in expression as a result of the auxin treatment (Table IV), whereas pectate lyase (E30) and endo-1,4-␤-glucanase (E80) were repressed (Table III). Our observation that not all ripeningregulated cell wall-related genes in strawberry are auxin dependent is supported by a previous study on the strawberry expansin gene FaExp2, which was reported to be auxin insensitive (Civello et al, 1999). Interestingly, FaExp2 expression was also not affected by ethylene treatment.…”

Section: Auxin and Gene Expression In Strawberry Development And Ripesupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Apart from extensins, which are specifically associated with secondary walls of TEs (Fukuda, 1997), the expression of expansin genes was recently correlated with primary cell wall expansion and secondary cell wall thickening during Z. elegans TE development in vitro (Im et al, 2000). It is possible that the pectate lyase and expansin enzymes previously identified in strawberry as ripening regulated and associated with cell wall metabolism in the receptacle cells (Medina-Escobar et al, 1997;Civello et al, 1999) might be involved in remodeling the cell wall during the development of the vascular system.…”

Section: Analogy In Gene Expression Between Strawberry Fruit Developmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Insight into Vascular, Stress, and Auxin-Dependent and -Independent Gene Expression Programs in Strawberry, a Non-Climacteric Fruit

Keizer²,

et al. 2002

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Using cDNA microarrays, a comprehensive investigation of gene expression was carried out in strawberry (Fragaria ϫ ananassa) fruit to understand the flow of events associated with its maturation and non-climacteric ripening. We detected key processes and novel genes not previously associated with fruit development and ripening, related to vascular development, oxidative stress, and auxin response. Microarray analysis during fruit development and in receptacle and seed (achene) tissues established an interesting parallelism in gene expression between the transdifferentiation of tracheary elements in Zinnia elegans and strawberry. One of the genes, CAD, common to both systems and encoding the lignin-related protein cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, was immunolocalized to immature xylem cells of the vascular bundles in the strawberry receptacle. To examine the importance of oxidative stress in ripening, gene expression was compared between fruit treated on-vine with a free radical generator and non-treated fruit. Of 46 genes induced, 20 were also ripening regulated. This might suggest that active gene expression is induced to cope with oxidative stress conditions during ripening or that the strawberry ripening transcriptional program is an oxidative stress-induced process. To gain insight into the hormonal control of non-climacteric fruit ripening, an additional microarray experiment was conducted comparing gene expression in fruit treated exogenously with auxin and control fruit. Novel auxin-dependent genes and processes were identified in addition to transcriptional programs acting independent of auxin mainly related to cell wall metabolism and stress response.

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Section: Auxin and Gene Expression In Strawberry Development And Ripesupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Analogy In Gene Expression Between Strawberry Fruit Developmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Insight into Vascular, Stress, and Auxin-Dependent and -Independent Gene Expression Programs in Strawberry, a Non-Climacteric Fruit

Keizer²,

et al. 2002

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“…Nevertheless, expansin transcripts are most abundant in actively growing organs, such as leaf primordia in tomato (Fleming et al, 1997(Fleming et al, , 1999Reinhardt et al, 1998), internodes in rice (Cho and Kende, 1997b), pollen in maize (Zea mays; Cosgrove et al, 1997) and soybean (Crowell, 1994), pistil in tobacco (Pezzotti et al, 2002), fruits in strawberry (Fragaria spp. ; Civello et al, 1999) and tomato (Brummell et al, 1999a(Brummell et al, , 1999b, and coleoptiles in oat , indicating that they are involved in critical developmental processes. To date, however, most experiments with expansin genes have not clarified the roles of each Table I…”

Section: Temporal and Spatial Expression Of The Gmexp1 Gene During Romentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of an Expansin Gene Is Correlated with Root Elongation in Soybean

et al. 2003

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Expansin is a family of proteins that catalyze long-term expansion of cell walls and has been considered a principal protein that affects cell expansion in plants. We have identified the first root-specific expansin gene in soybean (Glycine max), GmEXP1, which may be responsible for root elongation. Expression levels of GmEXP1 were very high in the roots of 1-to 5-d-old seedlings, in which rapid root elongation takes place. Furthermore, GmEXP1 mRNA was most abundant in the root tip region, where cell elongation occurs, but scarce in the region of maturation, where cell elongation ceases, implying that its expression is closely related to root development processes. In situ hybridization showed that GmEXP1 transcripts were preferentially present in the epidermal cells and underlying cell layers in the root tip of the primary and secondary roots. Ectopic expression of GmEXP1 accelerated the root growth of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seedlings, and the roots showed insensitivity to obstacle-touching stress. These results imply that the GmEXP1 gene plays an important role in root development in soybean, especially in the elongation and/or initiation of the primary and secondary roots.The root is a plant organ that has adapted to acquire water and nutrients from the environment (Schiefelbein et al., 1997). The root system has recently been the focus of interest as a useful system for understanding organ development because it is a relatively simple organ, its growth pattern is uniform, and it has a small number of differentiated cell types (Aeschbacher et al., 1994). Furthermore, the development of new roots (secondary or lateral roots) from an existing root (primary root) provides a novel opportunity to investigate cellular differentiation and development in plants.Although the primary and secondary roots share many basic structural features, they are different in their origin (Scheres et al., 1996). A basic feature of the root is its radial pattern, which is made up of concentric layers of tissues. Three fundamental types of the tissues are the epidermis, the cortex, and the vascular tissues (Esau, 1977;Dolan et al., 1993;Raven et al., 1999). In the longitudinal section, the root can be divided into three different regions: those of cell division, elongation, and maturation (specialization) (Dolan et al., 1993;Baluska et al., 1996;Howell, 1998;Raven et al., 1999). The region of cell division contains the root apical meristem, which carries out new cell divisions but does not elongate newly divided cells immediately. The cells derived from the region of cell division expand and elongate mostly in the region of elongation. After they have elongated, the cells begin to differentiate in the region of maturation, where root hairs and the secondary roots are initiated. The events of cell elongation and maturation occurring in the root have been suggested to be controlled by the extensibility of the cell wall and the turgor pressure inside the cell (Cosgrove, 1996).It has been proposed that development of the s...

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“…The slight reduction of the decrement in firmness that occurs during the transition from the green to the white stage in apel fruits suggests that other cell wall-degrading mechanisms are taking place in unripe fruit. EGase (Harpster et al, 1998;Llop-Tous et al, 1999;Trainotti et al, 1999) and expansin (Civello et al, 1999) genes are candidates for cell wall degradation at these stages. Suppression of PME activity does not affect firmness during normal ripening, and suppression of beta-subunit protein accumulation increases softening (Brummel and Harpster, 2001).…”

Section: Pectate Lyasementioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry of fruit softening: an overview

Payasi¹,

Mishra

Chaves

et al. 2009

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

205

125

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Softening is a developmentally programmed ripening process, associated with biochemical changes in cell wall fractions involving hydrolytic processes resulting in breakdown of cell-wall polymers such as cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin etc. Various hydrolytic reactions are brought about by polygalacturonase, pectin methyl esterase, pectate lyase, rhamnogalacturonase, cellulase and β-galactosidase etc. Besides these enzymes, expansin protein also plays an important role in softening. Textural changes during ripening help in determining the shelf life of a fruit. An understanding of these changes would help in formulating procedures for controlling fruit softening vis-à-vis enhancing shelf life of fruits. In the present review an attempt has been made to coalesce recent findings on biochemistry of fruit softening.

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An Expansin Gene Expressed in Ripening Strawberry Fruit

Cited by 179 publications

References 32 publications

Novel Insight into Vascular, Stress, and Auxin-Dependent and -Independent Gene Expression Programs in Strawberry, a Non-Climacteric Fruit

Novel Insight into Vascular, Stress, and Auxin-Dependent and -Independent Gene Expression Programs in Strawberry, a Non-Climacteric Fruit

Expression of an Expansin Gene Is Correlated with Root Elongation in Soybean

Biochemistry of fruit softening: an overview

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