An experiment of fish spillover from a marine reserve in Cuba

Amargós, Fabián Piña; Sansón, Gaspar González; Castillo, Andrés Jiménez del; Fernández, Abdel Zayas; Blanco, Félix Martín; Red, Wilbert Acosta de la

doi:10.1007/s10641-010-9612-2

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…57,63,134 For example, the redistribution of fishing effort from an MPA can increase the cost of fishing and lower profitability as a result of increased travel distance (and associated costs), increased exploratory fishing, and aggregation of fishing pressure in non-MPA locations. 47,51,135 Observational studies 34,35,86,136 and bioeconomic models 137,138 indicate that stock recovery and ecological spillover (net emigration of adult biomass and larvae) from areas where fishing is prohibited can result in increased fish abundance and catch per unit effort in fishable areas, thereby mitigating some or all of these costs. In addition to changes in fishing costs and catch, shifts in the catchability of target species and redistribution of fishing effort result in market feedbacks (e.g., prices, quantity demanded and supplied); fishers may subsequently adapt by changing their harvest strategies.…”

Section: Mpa Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[26][27][28] Available evidence, although limited, suggests that MPAs that prohibit fishing can lead to enhanced ecological resilience, including resilience to climate fluctuations, 29,30 storm disturbance, 31 and invasive species. 32 Corresponding impacts in areas adjacent to MPAs include increased larval recruitment, 33 spillover of adult fish, 34,35 and reduced fear behaviors among fish. 36 The wide variation in direction and magnitude of MPA ecological impacts has been attributed to MPA governance (e.g., MPA age, size, resource-use rules, and compliance), management capacity (e.g., staff and budget), 24 biophysical factors (e.g., isolation by deep water), and species traits (e.g., range or life history characteristics).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel framework for analyzing conservation impacts: evaluation, theory, and marine protected areas

Mascia

Fox

Glew

et al. 2017

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Environmental conservation initiatives, including marine protected areas (MPAs), have proliferated in recent decades. Designed to conserve marine biodiversity, many MPAs also seek to foster sustainable development. As is the case for many other environmental policies and programs, the impacts of MPAs are poorly understood. Social-ecological systems, impact evaluation, and common-pool resource governance are three complementary scientific frameworks for documenting and explaining the ecological and social impacts of conservation interventions. We review key components of these three frameworks and their implications for the study of conservation policy, program, and project outcomes. Using MPAs as an illustrative example, we then draw upon these three frameworks to describe an integrated approach for rigorous empirical documentation and causal explanation of conservation impacts. This integrated three-framework approach for impact evaluation of governance in social-ecological systems (3FIGS) accounts for alternative explanations, builds upon and advances social theory, and provides novel policy insights in ways that no single approach affords. Despite the inherent complexity of social-ecological systems and the difficulty of causal inference, the 3FIGS approach can dramatically advance our understanding of, and the evidentiary basis for, effective MPAs and other conservation initiatives.

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Section: Mpa Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel framework for analyzing conservation impacts: evaluation, theory, and marine protected areas

Mascia

Fox

Glew

et al. 2017

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…This pattern is also known as spillover effect and has been reported in several longestablished and well-functioning protected areas Alcala et al, 2005;Francini-Filho & Moura, 2008;Halpern et al, 2009). Spillover effects within the JDLR archipelago have been experimentally confirmed through density manipulation of large-size and PeerJ reviewing PDF | (v2013:09:819:2:1:NEW 16 Jan 2014) commercially valuable reef fish species using tagging methods and visual census (Pina-Amargós et al, 2010). Although the study was performed at a relatively small scale, the authors found that net emigration rates of tagged fish were two-fold higher than at control sites when a strong fish density gradient was established after modifying fish abundance (Pina-Amargós et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Spillover effects within the JDLR archipelago have been experimentally confirmed through density manipulation of large-size and PeerJ reviewing PDF | (v2013:09:819:2:1:NEW 16 Jan 2014) commercially valuable reef fish species using tagging methods and visual census (Pina-Amargós et al, 2010). Although the study was performed at a relatively small scale, the authors found that net emigration rates of tagged fish were two-fold higher than at control sites when a strong fish density gradient was established after modifying fish abundance (Pina-Amargós et al, 2010). In addition, anecdotal accounts of spillover effects of adult fish from the JDLR reserve reported by fishers (e.g., "fish leave the reserve and for that reason we catch more fish now than we did before") support the scientific findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Peer Review #1 of "Evidence for protection of targeted reef fish on the largest marine reserve in the Caribbean (v0.1)"

2014

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Marine reserves can restore fish abundance and diversity in areas impacted by overfishing, but the effectiveness of reserves in developing countries where resources for enforcement are limited, have seldom been evaluated. Here we assess whether the establishment in 1996 of the largest marine reserve in the Caribbean, Gardens of the Queen in Cuba, has had a positive effect on the abundance of commercially valuable reef fish species in relation to neighboring unprotected areas. We surveyed 25 sites, including two reef habitats (reef crest and reef slope), inside and outside the marine reserve, on five different months, and over a one-and-a-half year period. Densities of the ten most frequent, highly targeted, and relatively large fish species showed a significant variability across the archipelago for both reef habitats that depended on the month of survey. These ten species showed a tendency towards higher abundance inside the reserve in both reef habitats for most months during the study. Average fish densities pooled by protection level, however, showed that five out of these ten species were at least twofold significantly higher inside than outside the reserve at one or both reef habitats. Supporting evidence from previously published studies in the area indicates that habitat complexity and major benthic communities were similar inside and outside the reserve, while fishing pressure appeared to be homogeneous across the archipelago before reserve establishment. Although poaching may occur within the reserve, especially at the boundaries, effective protection from fishing was the most plausible explanation for the patterns observed.

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“…In coral reef fish, there is some evidence of compensatory immigration from research on recolonization of reefs (Gundermann & Popper 1975; Brock, Lewis & Wass 1979; Syms & Jones 2000; Lowry & Suthers 2004), on territoriality and interspecific competition in damselfishes (Sale 1976; Hixon 1980; Hourigan 1986; Meadows 2001) and on emigration from marine reserves (Amargós et al. 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensatory immigration depends on adjacent population size and habitat quality but not on landscape connectivity

Turgeon

Kramer

2012

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Summary1. Populations experiencing localized mortality can recover in the short term by net movement of individuals from adjacent areas, a process called compensatory immigration or spillover. Little is known about the factors influencing the magnitude of compensatory immigration or its impact on source populations. Such information is important for understanding metapopulation dynamics, the use of protected areas for conservation, management of exploited populations and pest control. 2. Using two small, territorial damselfish species (Stegastes diencaeus and S. adustus) in their naturally fragmented habitat, we quantified compensatory immigration in response to localized mortality, assessed its impact on adjacent source populations and examined the importance of potential immigrants, habitat quality and landscape connectivity as limiting factors. On seven experimental sites, we repeatedly removed 15% of the initial population size until none remained and immigration ceased. 3. Immigrants replaced 16-72% of original residents in S. diencaeus and 0-69% in S. adustus. The proportion of the source population that immigrated into depleted areas varied from 9% to 61% in S. diencaeus and from 3% to 21% in S. adustus. In S. diencaeus, compensatory immigration was strongly affected by habitat quality, to a lesser extent by the abundance of potential immigrants and not by landscape connectivity. In S. adustus, immigration was strongly affected by the density of potential migrants and not by habitat quality and landscape connectivity. On two control sites, immigration in the absence of creation of vacancies was extremely rare. 4. Immigration occurred in response to localized mortality and was therefore compensatory. It was highly variable, sometimes producing substantial impacts on both depleted and source populations. The magnitude of compensatory immigration was influenced primarily by the availability of immigrants and by the potential improvement in territory quality that they could achieve by immigrating and not by their ability to reach the depleted area.

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An experiment of fish spillover from a marine reserve in Cuba

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

A novel framework for analyzing conservation impacts: evaluation, theory, and marine protected areas

A novel framework for analyzing conservation impacts: evaluation, theory, and marine protected areas

Peer Review #1 of "Evidence for protection of targeted reef fish on the largest marine reserve in the Caribbean (v0.1)"

Compensatory immigration depends on adjacent population size and habitat quality but not on landscape connectivity

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