An Experimental and Numerical Study of Diesel Spray Impingement on a Flat Plate

Zhao, Longmao; Torelli, Roberto; Zhu, Xiucheng; Scarcelli, Riccardo; Som, Sibendu; Schmidt, Henry; Naber, Jeffrey; Lee, Seong-Young

doi:10.4271/2017-01-0854

Cited by 42 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As mentioned in the ''CFD setup'' section, the minimum mesh size was equal to 0.25 mm. This value was the result of a grid convergence analysis presented by Zhao et al 16 for the same combination of injector and operating conditions and therefore was not repeated in this work. The CFD liquid penetration is defined at any given time-step as the distance of that parcel representing the 98% threshold of the cumulated mass distribution of all the parcels present in the domain (at that given time-step) and ordered according to their distance from the injector orifice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5] Because more and more research is constantly directed to the understanding and control of pollutant formation, 6 the majority of the spray and ICE communities has dedicated considerable effort toward improving the knowledge of SWI both experimentally and numerically. 4,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The literature presents numerous studies that have addressed SWI from fundamental or applied standpoints. Within the former category, there has been a multitude of studies that focused on single droplet impingement or a train of droplets impacting on rigid surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward predictive and computationally affordable Lagrangian–Eulerian modeling of spray–wall interaction

Torelli

Scarcelli

Som

et al. 2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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The work presented in this article focuses on improving the understanding of spray–wall interaction phenomena and the predictivity of computational models for modern internal combustion engine–like conditions. Previous work from the authors highlighted some of the limitations of the currently available spray–wall interaction sub-models, especially those based on experimental observations carried out on single droplet impingement of non-hydrocarbon fluids. Previous experimental observations and direct numerical simulations provided unique qualitative and quantitative details that were leveraged to improve Lagrangian–Eulerian simulations of spray–wall interaction. In this work, Yarin and Weiss’ theory for droplet train impingements, as interpreted by Stanton and Rutland, was implemented in the CONVERGE software. A novel and mathematically rigorous calculation of the impingement frequency for Lagrangian parcels was proposed to replace the zero-droplet-spacing assumption present in the original model and improve the prediction of droplet splash. Preliminary testing and validation of the new formulation against experiments carried out in a constant volume vessel showed encouraging results. The feedback loop between experiments, Lagrangian–Eulerian simulations, and direct numerical simulations also motivated the investigation of the surface roughness model available in the Lagrangian–Eulerian framework. This part of the study pointed out the importance of correctly predicting the interaction between liquid and surrounding gas in the near-wall region. Overall, the results shown indicate that correctly capturing the pre-impingement physics and liquid–gas interaction, together with improving splash predictions, was key for improving the accuracy of Lagrangian–Eulerian computational fluid dynamics simulations of spray–wall impingement.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward predictive and computationally affordable Lagrangian–Eulerian modeling of spray–wall interaction

Torelli

Scarcelli

Som

et al. 2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…The main components of a diesel fuel injection system are an injection pump, delivery pipe and fuel injector nozzles. The requirements of a fuel injection system are [100][101][102][103][104][105]: The beginning and end of the fuel injection should be sharp.…”

Section: Fuel Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Performance-Enhancing Innovative Modifications in Biodiesel Engines

Khan

2020

Energies

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The ever-increasing demand for transport is sustained by internal combustion (IC) engines. The demand for transport energy is large and continuously increasing across the globe. Though there are few alternative options emerging that may eliminate the IC engine, they are in a developing stage, meaning the burden of transportation has to be borne by IC engines until at least the near future. Hence, IC engines continue to be the prime mechanism to sustain transportation in general. However, the scarcity of fossil fuels and its rising prices have forced nations to look for alternate fuels. Biodiesel has been emerged as the replacement of diesel as fuel for diesel engines. The use of biodiesel in the existing diesel engine is not that efficient when it is compared with diesel run engine. Therefore, the biodiesel engine must be suitably improved in its design and developments pertaining to the intake manifold, fuel injection system, combustion chamber and exhaust manifold to get the maximum power output, improved brake thermal efficiency with reduced fuel consumption and exhaust emissions that are compatible with international standards. This paper reviews the efforts put by different researchers in modifying the engine components and systems to develop a diesel engine run on biodiesel for better performance, progressive combustion and improved emissions.

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“…A Kistler 6001 piezo-electric dynamic pressure transducer coupled with a Kistler 5044a charge amplifier was used to measure the CV pressure and detailed vessel information is available in Ref. [14]. A single-hole diesel injector (off-axis injector nozzle) was mounted in the middle of the injector window, which resulted in the vertical distance (40 mm for metal window and 52 mm for transparent window) between the injector tip and impinging window surface.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially in cold operation (such as cold start and warm-up), the wall wetting in PFI engines becomes dominant mechanism for engine-out HC emissions [9][10][11][12][13]. When the spray droplets hit the wall, they may undergo the following scenarios: stick, rebound, and splash, depending on the Weber number and droplet impact dynamics [14]. It was also reported that the impinging process could enhance the air-fuel mixing [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of Diesel Spray Impingement on a Flat Plate: Effects of Injection Conditions

Zhu

Zhao

et al. 2017

Proceedings ILASS–Europe 2017. 28th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems

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Advanced injection strategies for internal combustion engines have been extensively studied although there still exists a significant fundamental knowledge gap on the mechanism for high-pressure spray interaction with the piston surface and chamber wall in the internal combustion engine. The current study focuses on providing qualitative and quantitative information on spray-wall impingement and its characteristics by expanding the range of operating parameters under engine-like conditions. Parameters considered in the experiment are ambient gas and fuel injection conditions. The test included the non-vaporizing spray at the different ambient density (14.8, 22.8 and 30 kg/m 3 ) and injection pressure (1200, 1500 and 1800 bar) with the isothermal condition (ambient, and plate temperatures of 423 K). The test was conducted in the constant-volume vessel with the 60-degree impinging spray angle relative to the plate. The free spray and impinged spray properties were qualitatively analysed based on Mie and schlieren images. The results showed that the lower ambient density and higher injection pressure tended to result in relatively higher impinged spray height. The expanding shape of the impinged spray on the wall showed the oval shape.Keywords free spray; impinged spray; wall-impinged expanding spray; flat plate Introduction Internal combustion engines (ICEs) have been the dominant power supply for automobiles since the 20 th century and will keep playing an important role in transportation sectors in the coming decades. Increasingly stringent fuel consumption and emission standards are driving automotive research. Advanced injection strategies such as increasing injection pressure, multiple injections, injection timing control, and many others can enhance fuel efficiency in the application of direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engines and direct injection (DI) diesel engines. The DISI and DI diesel engines are able to achieve such higher efficiencies by means of better spray atomization and air-fuel mixing. Besides injection parameters mentioned above, the spray-wall interaction plays a critical role in fuel spray dispersion and subsequent combustion event [1][2][3]. The fuels used in ICEs undergo the vaporization process and mix with air before combustion. However, the fuel spray may impinge on the engine surfaces before it is fully vaporized [4]. The non-vaporizing spray possibly impinges on the cylinder head or liner in DI engines and even on the inlet valves in port fuel injected (PFI) engines. The spray-wall impingement usually forms a liquid film on the wall, which is referred to wall-wetting phenomenon [5]. The fuel deposition on the wall may survive during the combustion phase, resulting in producing unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM) emissions [6][7][8]. Especially in cold operation (such as cold start and warm-up), the wall wetting in PFI engines becomes dominant mechanism for engine-out HC emissions [9][10][11][12][13]. When the spray droplets hit the wall, they may und...

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An Experimental and Numerical Study of Diesel Spray Impingement on a Flat Plate

Cited by 42 publications

References 34 publications

Toward predictive and computationally affordable Lagrangian–Eulerian modeling of spray–wall interaction

Toward predictive and computationally affordable Lagrangian–Eulerian modeling of spray–wall interaction

A Review of Performance-Enhancing Innovative Modifications in Biodiesel Engines

An Experimental Study of Diesel Spray Impingement on a Flat Plate: Effects of Injection Conditions

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