An experimental and theoretical guide to strongly interacting Rydberg gases

Löw, Robert; Weimer, Hendrik; Nipper, J.; Balewski, Jonathan B.; Butscher, Björn; Büchler, Hans Peter; Pfau, Tilman

doi:10.1088/0953-4075/45/11/113001

Cited by 297 publications

(354 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…The final process is radiative decay of an atom from its Rydberg state to the ground state, modeled by the jump operator L ryd d,k = √ γ σ − k [26]. Although the microscopic formulation of the dynamics is slightly different from the previously-discussed model, the resulting phase structure is similar, as the EOMs only differ from Eqs.…”

Section: Realization With Rydberg Atomsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…They are represented with two internal states, the ground state |GS ≡ |i (inactive site) and the excited one |Ryd ≡ |a (active site). Rydberg gases feature strong van-der-Waals interactions in state |a [24][25][26], which rapidly decay as r −6 with the interparticle distance r. For the sake of simplicity, we approximate it here as a nearest-neighbor interaction of strength V nn in a one-dimensional configuration.…”

Section: Realization With Rydberg Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spectrum includes light-driven semiconductor heterostructures [15], arrays of driven microcavities [16,17], cold atoms in optical lattices [18], cavities [19,20] and microtraps [21][22][23]. Several among these instances employ excitation of the atoms to high-lying Rydberg orbitals [24][25][26] in order to achieve strong interatomic interactions and to study cooperative effects [27][28][29]. In all these systems, the driving/dissipation introduces coherence loss and explicitly violates the equilibrium conditions at the microscopic level [7,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absorbing State Phase Transition with Competing Quantum and Classical Fluctuations

et al. 2016

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Stochastic processes with absorbing states feature remarkable examples of non-equilibrium universal phenomena. While a broad understanding has been progressively established in the classical regime, relatively little is known about the behavior of these non-equilibrium systems in the presence of quantum fluctuations. Here we theoretically address such a scenario in an open quantum spin model which in its classical limit undergoes a directed percolation phase transition. By mapping the problem to a non-equilibrium field theory, we show that the introduction of quantum fluctuations stemming from coherent, rather than statistical, spin-flips alters the nature of the transition such that it becomes first-order. In the intermediate regime, where classical and quantum dynamics compete on equal terms, we highlight the presence of a bicritical point with universal features different from the directed percolation class in low dimension. We finally propose how this physics could be explored within gases of interacting atoms excited to Rydberg states.

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Section: Realization With Rydberg Atomsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Realization With Rydberg Atomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absorbing State Phase Transition with Competing Quantum and Classical Fluctuations

et al. 2016

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“…The theory of Watanabe and Greene [2] gives a more complete QDT formulation for −1/r 4 potential in that it treats both positive and negative energies in a consistent QDT manner which is important for, e.g., its application in a multichannel formulation to describe Fano-Feshbach resonances. Together, these theories have provided a solid theoretical backbone for our understanding of charge-neutral quantum systems in low-energy regimes or around a dissociation (detachment) threshold, and have served us well for many years, including in more recent applications such as Rydberg molecules [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum-defect theory for−1/r4-type interactions

Gao

2013

Phys. Rev. A

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We present a quantum-defect theory (QDT) for the −1/r 4 type of long-range potential, as a foundation for a systematic understanding of charge-neutral quantum systems such as ion-atom, ionmolecule, electron-atom, and positron-atom interactions. The theory incorporates both conceptual and mathematical advances since earlier formulations of the theory. It also includes more detailed discussions of the concept of resonance spectrum and its representations, universal properties in charge-neutral quantum systems, and the QDT description of scattering resonances that is applicable to any −1/r n potential with n > 2.

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“…One natural example is the dipolar interaction between polar molecules, which is the focus of this Review. Of course, many other experimental platforms are also being pursued that feature long-range interactions, including highly magnetic atoms [7,8], trapped ions [9], superconducting circuits [10], Rydberg atoms [11], and atoms coupled to photonic structures [12].…”

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confidence: 99%

New frontiers for quantum gases of polar molecules

et al. 2016

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The field of ultracold quantum matter has burgeoned over the last few decades, thanks to the growing capabilities for atomic systems to be probed and manipulated with exquisite control. Researchers can now precisely create and study quantum manybody states that are effectively isolated from the external environment. Much of the work in ultracold matter has focused on systems of alkali or alkaline-earth atoms, mainly due to their ease of cooling. Extending this precise control to molecules has seen rapidly increasing interest and activity, as molecules possess additional degrees of freedom that make them useful for tests of fundamental physics, studying ultracold chemistry and collisions, and engineering qualitatively new types of quantum phases and quantum many-body systems. Here, we review one particularly fruitful research direction: the creation and manipulation of ultracold bialkali molecules. The recent success in creating a quantum gas of polar molecules opens many exciting research opportunities. Atomic, Molecular, and Optical (AMO) systems offer experimentalists the ability to precisely control interactions in a quantum many-body system [1,2], and a rich set of experiments has already been performed. Some prominent examples include studies of the BEC-BCS crossover in two-component Fermi gases [3,4,5] and the superfluid-Mott insulator transition in ultracold bosons loaded into a 3D optical lattice [6]. Neutral atomic systems normally have point-like contact interactions that can be parametrized with a single quantity, the scattering length a, which can be tuned via a Feshbach resonance [2]. In recent years, systems with long-range and anisotropic interactions have garnered much attention. One natural example is the dipolar interaction between polar molecules, which is the focus of this Review. Of course, many other experimental platforms are also being pursued that feature long-range interactions, including highly magnetic atoms [7,8], trapped ions The dipolar interaction exhibits several important attributes. First, the energy scales in dipolar systems are usually much larger than those in typical atomic alkali systems, making it easier to study interaction-driven structural properties and non-equilibrium dynamics. Second, and perhaps more importantly, the anisotropic and long-range nature of the interaction allows for the realization of novel quantum phases, especially when the spatial dimensions of the system can be varied with optical lattices. Some of these engineered systems may find relevance to outstanding problems in condensed-matter physics [13,14]; moreover, qualitatively new types of physics can emerge in the presence of long-range interactions [15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. As a specific example of a unique feature of long-range interactions, a spin-1/2 Hamiltonian can be encoded based on a pair of oppositeparity rotational states where dipolar interactions give rise to a direct spin exchange coupling between molecules [22,23]. With this scheme implemented in an optical lattice, many-body spin dynam...

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An experimental and theoretical guide to strongly interacting Rydberg gases

Cited by 297 publications

References 133 publications

Absorbing State Phase Transition with Competing Quantum and Classical Fluctuations

Absorbing State Phase Transition with Competing Quantum and Classical Fluctuations

Quantum-defect theory for−1/r4-type interactions

New frontiers for quantum gases of polar molecules

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