An experimental and theoretical study of the erosion of semi-crystalline polymers and the subsequent generation of microparticles

Gaillard, Thibaut; George, Matthieu; Gastaldi, Emmanuelle; Nallet, Frédéric; Fabre, Pascale

doi:10.1039/c9sm01482a

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…As the hydrolysis proceeds, more and more of the surface is eroded as the polymer is turned into oligomers and other low‐molecular weight species becoming eventually water soluble [54] . The rate of hydrolysis, and subsequent erosion, is different for crystalline and amorphous regions in the polymer due to the accessibility of the hydrolysable groups in the polymer to the enzyme [55] …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Upcycling of Agricultural Waste Stream to High‐Molecular‐Weight Bio‐based Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furanoate)

Niskanen,

Mahlberg,

van Strien

et al. 2024

ChemSusChem

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Orange peel and sugar beet pulp contain large quantities of pectin, which can be turned via galactaric acid into furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and its esters. In this work, we show the polymerisation of these FDCA esters into high‐molecular‐weight, 70‐100 kg/mol, poly(ethylene 2,5‐furanoate) (PEF). PEF is an emerging bio‐based alternative for poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), widely used in for example packaging applications. Closing the loop, we also demonstrated and confirmed that PEF can be hydrolysed by enzymes, which are known to hydrolyse PET, back into FDCA for convenient recycling and recovery of monomers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[54] The rate of hydrolysis, and subsequent erosion, is different for crystalline and amorphous regions in the polymer due to the accessibility of the hydrolysable groups in the polymer to the enzyme. [55]…”

Section: Enzymatic Degradation Of Pefmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upcycling of Agricultural Waste Stream to High‐Molecular‐Weight Bio‐based Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furanoate)

Niskanen,

Mahlberg,

van Strien

et al. 2024

ChemSusChem

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“…Cette fragmentation est généralement considérée comme la source majeure de microplastiques secondaires retrouvés en milieu marin [15]. L'hétérogénéité de l'érosion conduit, dans ce cas, au relargage de sphérulites de taille typique la dizaine de microns [17].…”

Section: Dégradation Du Plastique En Merunclassified

“…Figure 5: Observation en Microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) de l'érosion de surface d'un film de PLA immergé dans une solution enzymatique.L'hétérogénéité de l'érosion conduit, dans ce cas, au relargage de sphérulites de taille typique la dizaine de microns[17].…”

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“…Ceci est d'autant plus marqué que les liaisons ester présentes dans la plupart des polymères constitutifs des plastiques biodégradables favorisent l'absorption des radiations UV. ce contraste a tendance à s'atténuer avec l'avancement du processus de dégradation et l'avancée du front d'érosion[17,18]. En parallèle, lorsque les chaînes sont devenues suffisamment courtes sous l'effet de l'attaque enzymatique, les microorganismes situés à proximité vont pouvoir les assimiler.…”

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Pollution des océans par les plastiques et les microplastiques

Galgani¹,

Bruzaud²,

Duflos³

et al. 2020

Bioprocédés Et Bioproductions

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Table des matières 1 Importance du plastique en mer ___________________________________________ 1 2. Devenir du plastique en mer _____________________________________________ 3 3. Dégradation du plastique en mer __________________________________________ 5 4. Impacts des plastiques _________________________________________________ 10 5. Quelles solutions______________________________________________________ 16 6. Conclusion __________________________________________________________ 21

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Advances in Ionic Thermoelectrics: From Materials to Devices

Sun

Shi

et al. 2023

Advanced Energy Materials

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technology, which can literally convert ambient heat into high value-added electricity. [2] Compared to its analogous heatto-electricity technologies, TE takes the advantage of light weight, quietness, zero pollution emission, and an infinite lifetime (Figure 1b), making it ideal for selfpowering applications that are equipped on human body or installed in rural areas. [3] The performance of TE devices is mainly governed by the dimensionless figure-of-merit of their constituent TE materials, defined as ZT = S 2 σT/κ, where T refers to absolute temperature, S, σ, and κ are the Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity, respectively. [4] Practically, "Z" reflects the premise of TE materials being used for power generation, namely as a thermoelectric generator, while "T" regulates the working temperature under which heat transfer is valid. [5] As can be seen in Figure 1c, TE materials with high heat transfer property and a Z of >10 −3 K −1 (corresponds to ZT > 0.3 at room temperature) are suitable for making temperature sensors; in comparison, TE materials with a much higher Z of 10 −2 K −1 (corresponds to ZT > 3 at room temperature) and low heat transfer property are preferable for making wearable devices.On the attainment of satisfactory Z value, a large S, which is proportional to the magnitude of thermovoltage per temperature difference (∆T), is highly desirable. However, the S of conventional electronic thermoelectric (e-TE) materials is limited to an order of 10 1 -10 2 µV K −1 due to relatively low electronic enthalpy of inorganic materials, i.e., the S of electron gas is merely ≈87.5 µV K −1 at room temperature. [6] Considering a small ∆T of 20 °C as that between human skin and ambient environment, more than 100 inorganic TE legs are required to work comparably with a 1.5 V solid battery via calculation, which indicates that e-TE materials are unsuitable for low-grade (<130 °C) applications. As most of waste heat is emitted from low-grade sources such as industrial plants and vehicle exhaust, traditional e-TE devices are in niche market. As another form of charge carrier, ions can induce a much larger S in an order of a few mV K −1 due to higher ionic enthalpy than electronic enthalpy. [7] As a result, an ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) device needs only ≈8 legs to generate a 1.5 V voltage at a ∆T of 20 °C, indicating that i-TE device is feasible for microminiaturization and can be incorporated with wearable devices and electronic skins. Other advantages of i-TEs over e-TEs include i) good flexibility stemming from the normally organic matrix, As an extended member of the thermoelectric family, ionic thermoelectrics (i-TEs) exhibit exceptional Seebeck coefficients and applicable power factors, and as a result have triggered intensive interest as a promising energy conversion technique to harvest and exploit low-grade waste heat (<130 °C). The last decade has witnessed great progress in i-TE materials and devices; however, there are ongoing disputes about the inherent fundamentals ...

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An experimental and theoretical study of the erosion of semi-crystalline polymers and the subsequent generation of microparticles

Abstract: Degradation of a semi-crystalline polymer, via an enzymatic erosion experiment, evidences microstructure dependent surface patterns and microparticles release. A generic geometric model accounts for the mass loss and predicts a critical release size.

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Upcycling of Agricultural Waste Stream to High‐Molecular‐Weight Bio‐based Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furanoate)

Upcycling of Agricultural Waste Stream to High‐Molecular‐Weight Bio‐based Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furanoate)

Pollution des océans par les plastiques et les microplastiques

Advances in Ionic Thermoelectrics: From Materials to Devices

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