An Experimental Exploration of the QCD Phase Diagram: The Search for the Critical Point and the Onset of De-confinement

Collaboration, STAR; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alakhverdyants, A. V.; Alekseev, I.; Anderson, B.D.; Arkhipkin, D.; Averichev, G. S.; Balewski, J.; Barnby, Lee Stuart; Baumgart, Stephen; Beavis, D.; Bellwied, R.; Betancourt, M.; Betts, R. R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bichsel, H.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Biritz, B.; Bland, L. C.; Bonner, B. E.; Bouchet, J.; Braidot, E.; Brandin, A. V.; Bridgeman, A.; Bruna, E.; Bueltmann, S.; Bunzarov, I.; Burton, T. P.; Cai, X.; Caines, H.; CalderóndelaBarcaSánchez, M.; Catu, O.; Cebra, D.; Cendejas, R.; Cervantes, M. C.; Chajęcki, Z.; Chaloupka, P.; Chattopadhyay, S; Chen, H. F.; H., Chen, J.; Y., Chen, J.; Cheng, Jinguang; Cherney, M.; Chikanian, A.; Choi, K. E.; Christie, W.; Chung, P.; Clarke, R. F.; Codrington, M. J. M.; Corliss, R.; Cramer, J.; Crawford, H. J.; Das, Debarchan; Dash, S.; DavilaLeyva, A.; DeSilva, L. C.; Debbe, R.; Dedovich, T. G.; Derevschikov, A. A.; R., DerradideSouza,; Didenko, L.; Djawotho, P.; Dogra, S.; Dong, Xianlin; Drachenberg, J. L.; Draper, J. E.; Dunlop, J. C.; DuttaMazumdar, M. R.; Efimov, L. G.; Elhalhuli, E.; Elnimr, M.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Erazmus, B.; Estienne, M.; Eun, L.; Evdokimov, O.; Fachini, P.; Fatemi, R.; Fedorišin, J.; Fersch, R. G.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fine, V.; Fisyak, Y.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Gangadharan, D. R.; Ganti, M. S.; García, E.; Solis,; Geromitsos, A.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Ghazikhanian, V.; Ghosh, P.; Gorbunov, Y. N.; Gordon, A.; Grebenyuk, O. G.; Grosnick, D.; Guertin, S. M.; Gupta, A. K.; Gupta, Naman; Guryn, W.; Haag, B.; Hamed, A.; Han, L.; Harris, J. W.; Hays-Wehle, J. P.; Heinz, M.; Heppelmann, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hjort, E.; Hoffman, A. M.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Hofman, D. J.; Huang, B.; Huang, H. Z.; Humanic, T. J.; Huo, L.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, P. M.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jena, C.; Jin, F.; Jones, C. L.; Jones, P.; Joseph, J.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kajimoto, K.; Kang, K.; Kapitan, J.; Kauder, K.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Kettler, David; Kikoła, D. P.; Kiryluk, J.; Kisiel, A.; Klein, S. R.; Knospe, A. G.; Kocoloski, A.; Koetke, D. D.; Kollegger, T.; Konzer, J.; Koralt, I.; Koroleva, L. I.; Korsch, W.; Kotchenda, L.; Kouchpil, V.; Кравцов, П.; Krueger, K.; Krůs, M.; Kumar, L.; Kurnadi, P.; Lamont, M. A.C.; Landgraf, J. M.; LaPointe, S.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednický, R.; C,; Lee, H.; H., Lee, J.; Leight, W. A.; LeVine, M. J.; Li, C.; L., Li,; Li, N.; W., Li,; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Li, Z. M.; Lin, Guin-Dar; Lindenbaum, S. J.; Lisa, M. A.; F., Liu,; Liu, H.; Liu, J.; Ljubičić, T.; Llope, W. J.; Longacre, R. S.; Love, W.A.; Lu, Ya Lin; Luo, Xiang-Qian; Ma, Guoliang; Ma, Yugang; Mahapatra, D. P.; Majka, R.; Mall, O.; Mangotra, L. K.; Manweiler, R.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Masui, H.; Matis, H. S.; Matulenko, Yu. A.; McDonald, D.; McShane, T. S.; Meschanin, A.; Milner, R.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mischke, A.; Mitrovski, M.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Morozov, B.; Morozov, D. A.; Munhoz, M. G.; Nandi, B. K.; Nattrass, C.; Nayak, T. K.; Nelson, J. M.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Ng, M. J.; Nogach, L. V.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, Akira; Okorokov, V.; Oldag, E. W.; Olson, D.; Pachr, M.; Page, B. S.; Pal, S. K.; Pandit, Y.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlak, T.; Peitzmann, T.; Perevoztchikov, V.; Perkins, C.; Peryt, W.; Phatak, S. C.; Pile, P.; Planinić, M.; Płoskoń, M.; Pluta, J.; Plyku, D.; Poljak, N.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Potukuchi, B.; Powell, C. B.; Prindle, D.; Pruneau, C.; Pruthi, N. K.; Pujahari, P. R.; Putschke, J.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Ray, R. L.; Redwine, R.; Reed, R.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Rose, A.; Roy, C.; Ruan, L.; Sahoo, R.; Sakai, S.; Sakrejda, I.; Sakuma, Takashi; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Sangaline, E.; Schambach, Johann Joachim; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schmitz, N.; Schuster, T.; Seele, J.; Seger, J.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Seyboth, P.; Shahaliev, E.; Shao, M.; Sharma, Meenakshi; Shi, S. S.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Simon, F.; Singaraju, R.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, N.; Sorensen, P.; Sowiński, J.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Staszak, D.; Stevens, J. R.; Stock, R.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Suarez, M. C.; Subba, Nirpat; Šumbera, M.; Sun, X. M.; Sun, Yifeng; Sun, Zhen-Long; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D.; Symons, T. J. M.; A., SzantodeToledo,; Takahashi, Junichi; Tang, A. H.; Tang, Z.; Tarini, L. H.; Tarnowsky, T.; Thein, D.; Thomas, J. H.; Tian, J.; Timmins, A. R.; Тимошенко, С.; Tlusty, D.; Tokarev, M.; Tram, V. N.; Trentalange, Stephen; Tribble, R. E.; Tsai, O. D.; Ulery, J.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; VanBuren, G.; vanLeeuwen, M.; Vannieuwenhuizen, Gj; Vanfossen, Jr.; Varma, R.; Vasconcelos, G. M.S.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Videbæk, F.; Viyogi, Y. P.; Vokál, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Wada, Mitsuo; Walker, M. B.; Wang, F.; Wang, G.; Wang, H.; S., Wang, J.; Wang, Q.; Wang, X. L.; Y., Wang,; Webb, G.; Webb, J. C.; Westfall, G. D.; WhittenJr, C.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Ying-Kai; Wang, Xie; Xu, Ning; Xu, Qingyang; Xu, Wei; Xu, Y.; Xu, Zhuang; Xue, L.; Yang, Y.; Yepes, P.; Yip, King Yau; Yoo, I. K.; Yue, Q.; Zawisza, M.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zhan, W.; B., Zhang, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, W. M.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhao, Jijun; Zhong, C.; Zhou, Jianhang; Zhou, Wen-Hao; Zhu, X.; Zhu, Yuhui; Zoulkarneev, R.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1007.2613

Cited by 178 publications

(245 citation statements)

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“…Somewhere on the phase boundary at µ B ≈ 400 MeV, a critical point separating the first-and second-order phase transitions is predicted [56]. The search for this point is now underway at RHIC [59], and some of the recent results will be discussed in Section 6.…”

Section: Matter Under Extreme Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The search for the (tri)critical point (CEP) in the T − µ B phase diagram-where the phase transition between the QGP and hadron matter changes from the first-to the second-order one-represents one of the most active fields of contemporary ultra-relativistic heavy-ion physics, both experimentally [59,[360][361][362] and theoretically [58,63,363,364]. In order to gain more insight into the CEP location, quite advanced techniques from condensed matter physics, such as Finite-Size Scaling (FSS) analysis of data [365] or thermal fluctuations characterized by the appropriate cumulants of the partition function [363,364,366] are being exploited.…”

Section: Search For the Critical Point Of Qcd Phase Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The search for the CEP exploiting the potential of the RHIC accelerator complex was mounted by the STAR and PHENIX collaborations in 2010 within the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program [59]. Going down from the RHIC maximum energy √ s NN = 200 GeV, they have scanned the available phase space down to √ s NN = 7.7 GeV.…”

Section: Search For the Critical Point Of Qcd Phase Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenomenological Review on Quark–Gluon Plasma: Concepts vs. Observations

2017

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Abstract:In this review, we present an up-to-date phenomenological summary of research developments in the physics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). A short historical perspective and theoretical motivation for this rapidly developing field of contemporary particle physics is provided. In addition, we introduce and discuss the role of the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) ground state, non-perturbative and lattice QCD results on the QGP properties, as well as the transport models used to make a connection between theory and experiment. The experimental part presents the selected results on bulk observables, hard and penetrating probes obtained in the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion experiments carried out at the Brookhaven National Laboratory Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (BNL RHIC) and CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerators. We also give a brief overview of new developments related to the ongoing searches of the QCD critical point and to the collectivity in small (p + p and p + A) systems.

show abstract

Section: Matter Under Extreme Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Search For the Critical Point Of Qcd Phase Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Search For the Critical Point Of Qcd Phase Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenomenological Review on Quark–Gluon Plasma: Concepts vs. Observations

2017

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“…Exploring the QCD phase boundary and critical point (CP) is one of the main goals in relativistic heavy-ion collision (RHIC) experiments [1][2][3][4][5]. In the collider, a fireball quickly forms and cools down continuously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonuniform-temperature effects on the phase transition in an Ising-like model

Zheng,

Jiang

2021

Preprint

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We study the phase transition in a steady temperature-nonuniform system in the frame of the Ising model. We calculate the nonuniform-temperature effects on the phase transition point, the fluctuations, and the correlation length of the order parameter. We find the phase transition could happen at a temperature higher than the equilibrium phase transition temperature of a temperature-uniform system. Besides, the fluctuations and the correlation length are enhanced near the phase transition point, and they monotonously increase from the crossover regime to the first order phase transition regime without exotic behavior at the critical point. Our study is helpful to understand the behaviors of QCD phase transition in the relativistic heavy-ion collision and provides a method to evaluate the nonuniform-temperature effects for the order parameter.

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“…The goals of the STAR beam energy scan (BES) program include searches for a possible QCD critical point, and for the turn-off of signatures of quark-gluon plasma (QGP); study of the transition between hadronic and partonic matter is also of great interest [1]. RHIC BES phase I (BES-I) has yielded interesting results below √ s NN = 19.6 GeV in azimuthal anisotropy for identified hadrons, kaon to pion ratios, and net-proton higher moments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent results for STAR $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=4.9$ GeV Al+Au and $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=4.5$ GeV Au+Au Fixed-Target Collisions

2018

Preprint

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We present recent results from Al(beam)+Au(target) collisions at √ s NN = 4.9 GeV and Au+Au collisions at √ s NN = 4.5 GeV from the STAR fixed-target (FXT) program. We report transverse mass spectra of protons, K 0 S and Λ, rapidity density distributions of π ± , K 0 S and Λ, directed flow of protons, π ± , K 0 S and Λ, and elliptic flow of protons and π ± . These are the first measurements of pion directed and elliptic flow in this energy region. Pion and proton elliptic flow show mass ordering. Measurements are compared with published results from AGS and RHIC. These results demonstrate that the STAR detector performs well in the FXT configuration.

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An Experimental Exploration of the QCD Phase Diagram: The Search for the Critical Point and the Onset of De-confinement

Cited by 178 publications

References 0 publications

Phenomenological Review on Quark–Gluon Plasma: Concepts vs. Observations

Phenomenological Review on Quark–Gluon Plasma: Concepts vs. Observations

Nonuniform-temperature effects on the phase transition in an Ising-like model

Recent results for STAR $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=4.9$ GeV Al+Au and $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=4.5$ GeV Au+Au Fixed-Target Collisions

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