An experimental fire-spalling assessment procedure for concrete mixtures

Maier, Marcus; Saxer, Andreas; Bergmeister, Konrad; Lackner, Roman

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117172

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Maier et al [ 40 ] performed a series of tests on concrete slabs (800 mm × 500 mm × 150 mm). The researchers concluded that the main factor for spalling was the increasing pore pressure and not the chemical degradation of the concrete components.…”

Section: Main Hypotheses On Spalling Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat-Induced Spalling of Concrete: A Review of the Influencing Factors and Their Importance to the Phenomenon

et al. 2022

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Heat-induced spalling in concrete is a problem that has been the subject of intense debate. The research community has, despite all the effort invested in this problem, few certain and definitive answers regarding the causes of and the way in which spalling happens. A major reason for this difficulty is the lack of a unified method for testing, which makes comparing data from various studies against each other a difficult task. Many studies have been performed that show the positive effects of using synthetic micro-fibres, such as polypropylene (PP). The mechanism with which PP fibres improve heat-induced spalling resistance in concrete, however, remains a subject of debate. This paper, therefore, looks at the work that has been performed in the field of spalling (particularly spalling of self-compacting concrete (SCC)). Influencing factors are identified and their links to each other (as reported) are discussed. A particular emphasis is put on discussing the role of PP fibres and how they improve the behaviour of high-performance concrete (HPC) at elevated temperatures. A brief summary of the reviewed papers are provided for each of the influencing factors to help the reader navigate with ease through the references. An introduction to heat-induced spalling and the common causes (as reported in the literature) is also included to highlight the wide range of theories trying to explain the spalling phenomenon.

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Section: Main Hypotheses On Spalling Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maier et al [ 40 ] cast eight concrete slabs (800 mm × 500 mm × 120 mm). Samples were then demoulded and submerged in water for 28 days.…”

Section: Influencing/mitigating Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat-Induced Spalling of Concrete: A Review of the Influencing Factors and Their Importance to the Phenomenon

et al. 2022

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“…An electric muffle furnace was used to heat 20 saturated specimens of each mixture [ 36 ]. Heating–cooling cycles consisted of three phases: temperature rise at 5 °C/min [ 30 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ], temperature dwell corresponding to two hours at 600 °C to achieve thermal steady-state [ 61 ] and slow cooling to room temperature at about 0.5 °C/min to avoid thermal shock ( Figure 2 ).…”

Section: Experimental Programmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type of aggregate, shape and size of structural elements, high thermal gradients, non-uniform moisture distribution, and high reinforcement rate [ 25 , 26 , 27 ] also influence the heat-induced concrete spalling. Whilst the developing pore pressure is the main factor causing instantaneous damage to concrete exposed to high temperature, the concrete chemical decomposition causes additional damage when critical temperatures are reached [ 35 , 36 ]. Chemical and physical reactions that occur at elevated temperatures are also responsible for reductions in thermal conductivity and the specific heat of concrete [ 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Plastic Waste on the Heat-Induced Spalling Performance and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete

et al. 2020

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This paper investigates a potential application of hard-to-recycle plastic waste as polymeric addition in high strength concrete, with a focus on the potential to mitigate heat-induced concrete spalling and the consequent effects on the mechanical properties. The waste corresponds to soft and hard plastic, including household polymers vastly disposed of in landfills, although technically recyclable. Mechanical and physical properties, cracking, mass loss, and the occurrence of spalling were assessed in high strength concrete samples produced with either plastic waste or polypropylene fibers after 2-h exposure to 600 °C. The analysis was supported by Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Computed Tomography images. The plastic waste is composed of different polymers with a thermal degradation between 250 to 500 °C. Polypropylene (PP) fibers and plastic waste dispersed in concrete have proved to play an essential role in mitigating heat-induced concrete spalling, contributing to the release of internal pressure after the polymer melting. The different morphology of plastic waste and polypropylene fibers leads to distinct mechanisms of action. While the vapor pressure dissipation network originated by polypropylene fibers is related to the formation of continuous channels, the plastic waste seems to cause discontinuous reservoirs and fewer damages into the concrete matrix. The incorporation of plastic waste improved heat-induced concrete spalling performance. While 6 kg/m3 of plastic increased the mechanical performance after exposure to high temperature, the incorporation of 3 kg/m3 resulted in mechanical properties comparable to the reference concrete.

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“…Alle Rezepturen wurden mit 1,4 kg/m 3 grundsatzgeprüften Polypropylen‐Mikrofasern (BBG Brandschutzfasern) in Kombination mit eingeführten Mikroluftporen zur erhöhten Brandbeständigkeit getestet vgl. auch . Der rezeptive maximale Gesamtwassergehalt betrug 185 l/m 3 , vgl.…”

Section: Optimierung Der Betonformulierung Für Die Innenschalenunclassified

Optimierung des Konstruktionsbetons beim Brenner Basistunnel

Bergmeister¹,

Murr²

2019

Beton und Stahlbetonbau

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Der 64 km lange Brenner Basistunnel (BBT) ist ein prioritäres europäisches Infrastrukturprojekt des Nord‐Süd‐TEN‐Korridors und verbindet die Wirtschaftszentren in Italien mit denen in Deutschland und Skandinavien. Die erforderliche Betonkubatur zum Bau des BBT beträgt rund 5 Mio. m3. Optimierungen und innovative Entwicklungen in der Betontechnologie stellen bei solch großen Betonmengen einen zentralen Punkt dar. Die festgelegte Nutzungsdauer von 200 Jahren bedingt unter anderem auch besondere Anforderungen bezüglich der Dauerhaftigkeit. In diesem Beitrag werden Optimierungen der Betonformulierung und Qualitätssicherung für die Innenschalen und Spritzbetonschalen erläutert.

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An experimental fire-spalling assessment procedure for concrete mixtures

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Heat-Induced Spalling of Concrete: A Review of the Influencing Factors and Their Importance to the Phenomenon

Heat-Induced Spalling of Concrete: A Review of the Influencing Factors and Their Importance to the Phenomenon

Effects of Plastic Waste on the Heat-Induced Spalling Performance and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Concrete

Optimierung des Konstruktionsbetons beim Brenner Basistunnel

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