An experimental infection model for reproduction of calf pneumonia with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) based on one combined exposure of calves

Tjørnehøj, Kirsten; Uttenthal, Åse; Viuff, Birgitte; Larsen, Lars Erik; Røntved, Christine M.; Rønsholt, L.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(02)00154-6

Cited by 31 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Maternally derived antibodies provide at least partial protection against clinical signs after natural and experimental BRSV infection [11, [68][69][70]. Although virus shedding has occasionally been detected upon experimental BRSV re-infection, little or no clinical disease is observed in reinfected animals [69,109,134,145]. Similar to observations made for HRSV [67], exacerbated clinical signs have been observed following a natural BRSV infection in animals immunised with inactivated vaccines [5, 47,119].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection

Valarcher¹,

2007

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-Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) belongs to the pneumovirus genus within the family Paramyxoviridae and is a major cause of respiratory disease in young calves. BRSV is enveloped and contains a negative sense, single-stranded RNA genome encoding 11 proteins. The virus replicates predominantly in ciliated respiratory epithelial cells but also in type II pneumocytes. It appears to cause little or no cytopathology in ciliated epithelial cell cultures in vitro, suggesting that much of the pathology is due to the host's response to virus infection. RSV infection induces an array of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines that recruit neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes to the respiratory tract resulting in respiratory disease. Although the mechanisms responsible for induction of these chemokines and cytokines are unclear, studies on the closely related human (H)RSV suggest that activation of NF-κB via TLR4 and TLR3 signalling pathways is involved. An understanding of the mechanisms by which BRSV is able to establish infection and induce an inflammatory response has been facilitated by advances in reverse genetics, which have enabled manipulation of the virus genome. These studies have demonstrated an important role for the non-structural proteins in anti-interferon activity, a role for a virokinin, released during proteolytic cleavage of the fusion protein, in the inflammatory response and a role for the SH and the secreted form of the G protein in establishing pulmonary infection. Knowledge gained from these studies has also provided the opportunity to develop safe, stable, live attenuated virus vaccine candidates.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection

Valarcher¹,

2007

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“…Experimental models of bRSV infection in calves involve aerosol administration of virions, resulting in early-onset cough and nasal discharge and progressing to signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection (287,350,367,380). In the study performed by Philippou et al (287), lungs from animals sacrificed at 12 weeks postinoculation were atelectatic with evidence of bronchiolar obstruction and profound inflammatory infiltration.…”

Section: Bovine Pneumovirus Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Pneumoviruses: Molecular Genetics and Pathogenesis

2004

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Pneumoviruses are single-stranded, negative-sense, nonsegmented RNA viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamily Pneumovirinae, and include pathogens that infect humans (respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus), domestic mammals (bovine, ovine, and caprine respiratory syncytial viruses), rodents (pneumonia virus of mice), and birds (avian metapneumovirus). Among the topics considered in this review are recent studies focused on the roles of the individual virus-encoded components in promoting virus replication as well as in altering and evading innate antiviral host defenses. Advances in the molecular technology of pneumoviruses and the emergence of recombinant pneumoviruses that are leading to improved virus-based vaccine formulations are also discussed. Since pneumovirus infection in natural hosts is associated with a profound inflammatory response that persists despite adequate antiviral therapy, we also review the recent experimental treatment strategies that have focused on combined antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory approaches

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“…The acute-phase response of the protein was studied in experimental infection models in adult and young cattle: cows with induced summer mastitis (23,24) and calves inoculated with the common pathogen bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) (41).…”

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ITIH4 (Inter-Alpha-Trypsin Inhibitor Heavy Chain 4) Is a New Acute-Phase Protein Isolated from Cattle during Experimental Infection

et al. 2004

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We have isolated from calf serum a protein with an apparent M r of 120,000. The protein was detected by using antibodies against major acute-phase protein in pigs with acute inflammation. The amino acid sequence of an internal fragment revealed that this protein is the bovine counterpart of ITIH4, the heavy chain 4 of the inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor family. The response of this protein in the sera was determined for animals during experimental bacterial and viral infections. In the bacterial model, animals were inoculated with a mixture of Actinomyces pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Peptostreptococcus indolicus to induce an acute-phase reaction. All animals developed moderate to severe clinical mastitis and exhibited remarkable increases in ITIH4 concentration in serum (from 3 to 12 times the initial values, peaking at 48 to 72 h after infection) that correlated with the severity of the disease. Animals with experimental infections with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) also showed increases in ITIH4 concentration (from two-to fivefold), which peaked at around 7 to 8 days after inoculation. Generally, no response was seen after a second infection of the same animals with the virus. Because of the significant induction of the protein in the animals in the mastitis and BRSV infection models, we can conclude that ITIH4 is a new positive acute-phase protein in cattle.The acute-phase response occurs in animals as a consequence of infection, inflammation, or trauma. It is a nonspecific response mediated by inflammation-related cytokines (mainly by interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-1, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and is characterized by several systemic reactions, including fever, catabolism of muscle protein, alterations in sleep and appetite patterns, and changes in the concentrations of a group of serum proteins called acute-phase proteins (APP) (3,22,27,40).APP have been studied extensively in humans and in many animal species, mostly rats (38), though the panel of these proteins is probably not complete. The APP response differs among species. For domestic animals, the studies on APP are relatively recent (reviewed in reference 18). For cattle, several APP, including serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha-1-antitrypsin), have been shown to increase in different inflammatory processes, in both in vivo (9,14,18,20,23,25,32) and in vitro models (2, 31). The course of infection in human patients is monitored by the determination of APP in blood samples (43), and a similar clinical use has been proposed for veterinary medicine (15,18,26) as well as for monitoring the health status of animals during farm production and at slaughter (42).In previous works from our laboratory, a new 120-kDa plasma glycoprotein, designated major acute-phase protein or pig MAP, was described as an APP occurring in pigs with turpentine-induced inflammation (16,29). This protein, which is also called porcine inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor human-related protein (pig IHRP) (...

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An experimental infection model for reproduction of calf pneumonia with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) based on one combined exposure of calves

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection

Animal Pneumoviruses: Molecular Genetics and Pathogenesis

ITIH4 (Inter-Alpha-Trypsin Inhibitor Heavy Chain 4) Is a New Acute-Phase Protein Isolated from Cattle during Experimental Infection

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