An experimental investigation of the flexural strength of soda–lime–silica glass at high loading rates

Meyland, Martin J.; Bønding, Casper K. T.; Eriksen, Rasmus Normann Wilken; Nielsen, Jens Henrik

doi:10.1007/s40940-018-0089-2

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In reality, flaws accumulate in the glass surface over its service-life, and this has been shown to significantly reduce the fracture strength (Datsiou and Overend 2017a, b). This reduction in strength of aged glass was also demonstrated in the high strainrate experiments by Kuntsche (2015) and Meyland et al (2018), but this is not considered further here. Compressive and tensile tests under high strainrates performed by Zhang et al (2012) concluded that the Young's modulus of annealed glass is insensitive to strain-rate.…”

Section: Glass Layerssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…High strain-rates result in an enhanced fracture strength, as flaws require time to develop into cracks (Overend and Zammit 2012;Larcher et al 2012). This is observed in multiple, high strain-rate experimental tests performed by Nie et al (2009Nie et al ( , 2010, Peroni et al (2011), Zhang et al (2012 and Meyland et al (2018). For the blast design of glazing, recommended dynamic fracture strength values are presented by Smith and Cormie (2009) that were derived by extrapolating to the high strain-rates associated with blast loading the inherent, static strength value of annealed glass presented in prEN 13474-3using Brown's integral (risk integral) for stress fatigue (also known as sub-critical crack growth), and superimposing the relevant surface pre-stress from the thermal processing of heat-strengthened and toughened glaz-ing products.…”

Section: Glass Layersmentioning

confidence: 95%

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The effects of high strain-rate and in-plane restraint on quasi-statically loaded laminated glass: a theoretical study with applications to blast enhancement

2019

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Laminated glass panels are increasingly used to improve the blast resilience of glazed facades, as part of efforts to mitigate the threat posed to buildings and their occupants by terrorist attacks. The blast response of these ductile panels is still only partially understood, with an evident knowledge gap between fundamental behaviour at the material level and observations from full-scale blast tests. To enhance our understanding, and help bridge this gap, this paper adopts a 'first principles' approach to investigate the effects of high strain-rate, associated with blast loading, and the in-plane restraint offered by blast-resistant frames. These are studied by developing simplified analytical beam models, for all stages of deformation, that account for the enhanced properties of both the glass and the interlayer at high strain-rates. The increased shear modulus of the interlayer results in a composite bending response of the un-fractured laminated glass. This also enhances the residual post-fracture bending moment capacity, arising from the combined action of the glass fragments in compression and the interlayer in tension, which is considered negligible under low strain-rates. The post-fracture resistance is significantly improved by the introduction of in-plane restraint, due to the membrane action associated with panel stretching under large deflections. This is demonstrated by developing a yield condition that accounts for the rela-tive contributions of bending and membrane action, and applying the upper bound theorem of plasticity, assuming a tearing failure of the interlayer. Future work aims to complete the theoretical framework by including the assessment of plate-action and inertia effects.

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Section: Glass Layerssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Glass Layersmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effects of high strain-rate and in-plane restraint on quasi-statically loaded laminated glass: a theoretical study with applications to blast enhancement

2019

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“…In a previous study (Meyland et al 2019), the flexural strength of soda-lime-silica glass was investigated using a high-speed universal testing machine. However, some limitations arose at the very high loading rates.…”

Section: Strength Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

High strain rate characterisation of soda-lime-silica glass and the effect of residual stresses

Meyland

Nielsen

2022

Preprint

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A ring-on-ring test configuration for the equibiaxial flexural testing of flat samples was developed and integrated into a novel modified split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) setup. The established modifications enabled the application of high-speed cameras for fracture assessment and non-contact displacement measurements using stereo digital image correlation (stereo-DIC). In the present paper, this setup was utilised to characterise the flexural surface strength and stiffness (Young's modulus) of circular, as-received soda-lime-silica glass samples at high strain rates. The effect of residual stresses was also studied by including thermally tempered glass samples divided into four residual stress groups. Despite the frequent application of glass products in the built environment, often post-processed into tempered or laminated glass, these investigations are still rare and thus highly demanded when designing for extreme events such as extreme weather, ballistic impacts, or blast loads. A total of 315 samples were tested at a quasi-static and a dynamic loading rate ranging from 2.0 MPa s -1 to 4.2·10 6 MPa s -1 . It was found that the flexural strength of the glass across residual stress groups was strongly dependent on the applied dynamic loading rate, while the residual stresses themselves showed no significant effect on the loading rate dependency. At the dynamic loading, the strength increased between 60 and 86 %. Within the two tested loading rates, strength increased expectedly with compressive surface stress. From the stereo-DIC displacement measurements, no change in Young's modulus with loading rate was observed.

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“…The strength of glasses has been studied and discussed in a number of publications and books, e.g. Haldimann et al (2008), Wachtman et al (2009), Quinn (2007) and Meyland et al (2019). Test methods for strength are defined in national and international standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcritical crack growth parameters in glass as a function of environmental conditions

2020

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In the present work, subcritical crack growth in soda–lime silicate glass is investigated under different environmental conditions. Crack growth parameters as a function of temperature and humidity were determined by dynamic fatigue tests, which has been verified by using the in-situ method of filming crack growth during experiments. The specimens were pre-damaged for constant initial crack lengths in all specimens using the Vickers indentation test. The determined parameters were compared with those from literature in order to discuss existing deviations of sub-critical crack growth parameters in literature. These deviations may be caused by environmental conditions and different chemical compositions of the glass. Arrest lines were used to determine the ratio of crack width to crack depth in Vickers indented specimens. For the initial crack depth, images of fracture surfaces were taken using an scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, the influence of humidity and temperature on the failure stress of unindented specimens with a constant initial crack length was simulated.

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An experimental investigation of the flexural strength of soda–lime–silica glass at high loading rates

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

The effects of high strain-rate and in-plane restraint on quasi-statically loaded laminated glass: a theoretical study with applications to blast enhancement

The effects of high strain-rate and in-plane restraint on quasi-statically loaded laminated glass: a theoretical study with applications to blast enhancement

High strain rate characterisation of soda-lime-silica glass and the effect of residual stresses

Subcritical crack growth parameters in glass as a function of environmental conditions

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