“…To cite specific examples relating to the case at hand, the surface impedance can be highly inductive when propagating over horizontally stratified media (Attwood, 1951;Barlow and Cull~n, 1953;Wait, 1953Wait, , 1957Wait, , 1962aWait, ,b, 1964Fernando and Barlow, 1956), corrugated surfaces (Barlow and Karbowiak, 1954;Zucker, 1954;Fernando and Barlow, 1956;Wait, 1957), or a surface which is uniformly rough (Wait 1%~ ' Some common examples of stratified media which might provide a highly inductive surface at low and very low frequencies are arctic ice on a nearly perfectly conducting sea or a poorly conducting layer of earth lying above a highly conducting sub~tratum. Indeed, some of the observed experimental anomalies over a supposedly plane, homogeneous earth can be explained by assuming that the ground is stratified.…”