An experimental investigation on the wake interferences among wind turbines sited in aligned and staggered wind farms

Tian, Wei; Ozbay, Ahmet; Hu, Hui

doi:10.1002/we.2147

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We argue that the deviation of the turbulence coherence trend from the RSH is a result of the induced motions from turbine wakes, which are significantly weakly correlated with the incoming turbulence (Espana et al 2012). Since wake-added motions are comparatively small (Chamorro et al 2012;Tian, Ozbay & Hu 2018), they may evolve sufficiently between rows of turbines to contribute to power fluctuations in the downwind turbine that are not correlated with the upwind counterpart. This is consistent with the findings of Tian, Ozbay & Hu (2014), who noted faster dissipation and earlier breakdown of the wake vortices under high turbulence inflow, as well as the findings of Lignarolo et al (2015), who argue that wake motions are dominated by tip-vortex breakdown.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 89%

Turbulence coherence and its impact on wind-farm power fluctuations

Tobin

Chamorro

2018

J. Fluid Mech.

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Using a physics-based approach, we infer the impact of the coherence of atmospheric turbulence on the power fluctuations of wind farms. Application of the random-sweeping hypothesis reveals correlations characterized by advection and turbulent diffusion of coherent motions. Those contribute to local peaks and troughs in the power spectrum of the combined units at frequencies corresponding to the advection time between turbines, which diminish in magnitude at high frequencies. Experimental inspection supports the results from the random-sweeping hypothesis in predicting spectral characteristics, although the magnitude of the coherence spectrum appears to be over-predicted. This deviation is attributed to the presence of turbine wakes, and appears to be a function of the turbulence approaching the first turbine in a pair.

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Section: Evaluation Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 89%

Turbulence coherence and its impact on wind-farm power fluctuations

Tobin

Chamorro

2018

J. Fluid Mech.

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“…One can point out that we did not consider staggered farms with Ly=2D, which would decrease the area and improve the wind farm land-use ratio. We chose not to use this layout based on findings from the literature [29] showing a severe increase in fatigue loads on downstream rows for staggered farms due to wake interaction effects. Figure 6 shows the effects that tightly spaced staggered configurations can produce on the wake, showing that wake interaction effects increase for lower lateral spacing (Ly) values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aligned and Staggered Layouts: What is the Impact on Wind Farms Land-Use?

Rodrigues¹,

Lengsfeld²

2020

Preprint

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The use of wind energy has been developing fast over the last years. The global cumulative wind power capacity increased by 10.5% in 2019, most of which comes from onshore wind farms. One of the consequences of this continuous increase is the use of land for onshore wind farms. There are already cases worldwide where lack of well-established plans and strategies have caused delays in projects. The need for efficiently using land for wind farms will be mandatory in the short term. In this work, we present a numerical analysis to evaluate wind farm land-use. By defining the ratio between mechanical output power over an area as a parameter called land-use ratio, this work focused on comparing several cases of aligned and staggered layouts. Mechanical output power was estimated using a validated code based on Blade Element Momentum code, and the wake velocities and wake interaction effects were estimated using a validated wind turbine CFD model. In terms of output power, staggered designs are more efficient than aligned designs. However, the results showed that even though staggered designs produced higher output power, aligned farms with tight lateral spacing could be as efficient as staggered ones in terms of land-use but using fewer turbines. In summary, tightly aligned designs should be a tendency in the future towards efficient use of land in wind farms.

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“…In fact, since wakes represent a major form of coupling within a wind plant, understanding their behavior and accurately simulating their effects are today problems of central importance in wind energy science, with direct practical implications on design, operation and maintenance. Recent studies include the analysis of single and multiple interacting wakes -see, for example, the review in Bottasso and Campagnolo (2021) or, among others, Whale et al (1996), Porté-Agel (2009, 2010), Bartl and Saetran (2016), Bastankhah and Porté-Agel (2016), Tian et al (2018), Campagnolo et al (2016), Bottasso et al (2014a), Campagnolo et al (2020), Wang et al (2020c) and references therein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How realistic are the wakes of scaled wind turbine models?

Wang¹,

Campagnolo²,

Canét³

et al. 2021

Wind Energ. Sci.

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Abstract. The aim of this paper is to analyze to which extent wind tunnel experiments can represent the behavior of full-scale wind turbine wakes. The question is relevant because on the one hand scaled models are extensively used for wake and farm control studies, whereas on the other hand not all wake-relevant physical characteristics of a full-scale turbine can be exactly matched by a scaled model. In particular, a detailed scaling analysis reveals that the scaled model accurately represents the principal physical phenomena taking place in the outer shell of the near wake, whereas differences exist in its inner core. A large-eddy simulation actuator-line method is first validated with respect to wind tunnel measurements and then used to perform a thorough comparison of the wake at the two scales. It is concluded that, notwithstanding the existence of some mismatched effects, the scaled wake is remarkably similar to the full-scale one, except in the immediate proximity of the rotor.

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An experimental investigation on the wake interferences among wind turbines sited in aligned and staggered wind farms

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Turbulence coherence and its impact on wind-farm power fluctuations

Turbulence coherence and its impact on wind-farm power fluctuations

Aligned and Staggered Layouts: What is the Impact on Wind Farms Land-Use?

How realistic are the wakes of scaled wind turbine models?

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