An experimental model for study ofCandida survival and transmission in human volunteers

Rangel‐Frausto, M. Sigfrido; Houston, A.; Bale, Martha J.; Fu, Caixia; Wenzel, Richard P.

doi:10.1007/bf01971311

Cited by 51 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Although C. albicans is the predominant species in the majority of intensive care units, recent reports indicate an increase in sepsis cases caused by non-albicans Candida species (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Candida species in umbilical catheters implanted in newborns in Natal, Brazil

Fernandes¹,

Júnior²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2007

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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All the newborns with umbilical venous catheters, hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit at Januário Cicco Maternity Hospital in Natal, Brazil, between January, 2003 and December, 2004 were studied. The prevalence of Candida species in the tips of intra-venous catheters was assessed, as well as the coexisting exposures that the patients were subjected to. Catheter tips were cultivated in blood agar and when yeast culture occurred, the colony was subcultivated for species identification through morphologic and biochemical assays. From a total of 240 catheters, 41 were positive for yeasts, and 34 were submitted to identification. The following agents were isolated: 13 C. albicans (38%), 10 Candida parapsilosis (29%), 8 C. tropicalis (20%), one C. guilliermondii (3%), one C. famata (3%) and one Trichosporon spp. (3%). Three patients among those with positive catheter tip fungal cultures were also hemoculture positive, with the same fungal species at both sites. Among the coexisting exposures, it should be pointed out that all the patients underwent broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, used a nasogastric probe, in addition to undergoing other invasive procedures such as mechanical ventilation and umbilical catheter implantation.

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“…Although C. albicans is the predominant species in the majority of intensive care units, recent reports indicate an increase in sepsis cases caused by non-albicans Candida species (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Candida species in umbilical catheters implanted in newborns in Natal, Brazil

Fernandes¹,

Júnior²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2007

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…Rangel-Frausto et al (9), in studying C. albicans dried onto plastic, showed that 90% of the time (in 18 of 20 tests) C. albicans was transferred to the hands of test volunteers, and conversely, 90% of the time C. albicans-contaminated hands transferred the fungi to sterile plastic lids. While similar data do not exist for other fungi, the findings that other fungi can exist for extended periods on common hospital fabrics and plastics suggest that similar transfers from contaminated materials to hands, and vice versa, are likely.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Some Medically Important Fungi on Hospital Fabrics and Plastics

2001

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Tests of the survival of Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., a Fusarium sp., a Mucor sp., and a Paecilomyces sp. on hospital fabrics and plastics indicated that viability was variable, with most fungi surviving at least 1 day but many living for weeks. These findings reinforce the need for appropriate disinfection and conscientious contact control precautions.Fungal infections are an increasing risk, especially for patients who are immunocompromised by diseases or traumas or for patients immunosuppressed because of preparation for organ transplantation, treatment of cancers, or autoimmune diseases (3,4,5,8,10). As fungi become increasingly more resistant to the limited antifungal agents available, the physician's ability to control these infections with antifungals decreases (1, 4). An alternative or additional means of control is to decrease the exposure of the patient to these microorganisms, thereby preventing an infection from occurring. Limited data are available about the survival of fungi that commonly cause nosocomial infections in compromised patients on typical hospital materials(2, 9). As an initial step in determining if fabrics and plastics might serve as reservoirs or fomites for the transmission of fungi to patients, the ability of some medically important fungi to survive on common hospital materials, such as privacy curtains, towels, scrub suits, plastic splash aprons, and computer keyboard covers, was examined.The following were tested: two isolates each of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, and Candida parapsilosis; three isolates each of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus; and one isolate each of a Fusarium sp., a Mucor sp., and a Paecilomyces sp. With the exception of one each of the Aspergillus isolates, which were isolated from environmental surfaces in our hospital, all fungal strains used were isolated from burn patients at our hospital.All Candida species were grown overnight at 35°C in yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (1% yeast extract, 2% peptone, 2% dextrose; Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) broth and adjusted to 10 6 to 10 7 CFU per ml using a Klett-Summerson (New York, N.Y.) colorimeter. Molds were grown on Sabouraud dextrose (Becton Dickinson, Cockeysville, Md.) agar for 3 to 5 days depending upon the time needed for that genus and species to form spores. Spores were harvested by rinsing the plates, their concentration was determined by counting with a hemocytometer, and the spores were refrigerated overnight. The following day, enough spores were added to yeast extract-peptone-dextrose broth to give a concentration of 10 6 to 10 7 CFU/ml and then incubated until filaments began to form, a period of 6 to 17 h depending upon the particular fungi.Fungal survival was tested on the following materials, each of which are commonly used in our hospital: 100% smooth cotton (clothing), 100% cotton terry (towels, washcloths), 60% cotton-40% polyester blends (scrub suits, lab coats, clothes), 100% polyester (privacy curtains)...

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“…Die Hände des Personals werden bei Maßnahmen am Patienten sowie bei Kontakt mit der unmittelbaren Patientenumgebung mit potentiell pathogenen Erregern kontaminiert [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] [95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102]. Ebenso ist die Effizienz der Hände-desinfektion bei der Beherrschung von Ausbrüchen nachgewiesen [103][104][105][106].…”

Section: Die Hygienische Händedesinfektionunclassified

Händehygiene in Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens

2016

Bundesgesundheitsbl

173

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An experimental model for study ofCandida survival and transmission in human volunteers

Cited by 51 publications

References 30 publications

Prevalence of Candida species in umbilical catheters implanted in newborns in Natal, Brazil

Prevalence of Candida species in umbilical catheters implanted in newborns in Natal, Brazil

Survival of Some Medically Important Fungi on Hospital Fabrics and Plastics

Händehygiene in Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens

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