An experimental model for the determination of immunomodulating effects by volatile compounds

Biochemical and Hematological Analysis after Exposure to Hazardous Materials during Shoe Making

“…Many toxic chemicals, together with organic solvents to which humans are occupationally or non-occupationally exposed, having its physicochemical characteristics with different absorption routes and target organs. These have been confirmed to have toxicity in many organs (Xiao and Levin 2000) including the liver (Warnes et al 1999), hematopoietic organs (Natelson 2007), nervous system (White and Proctor 1997), immune endocrinological system (Wichmann et al 2005), kidney, cardiovascular system, skin, mucosa, and reproductive organs, and body homeostasis maintenance function (Merker et al 2006). The short term problems which can occur in shoe workers are irritation of the eyes, nose and throat, headache, dizziness, and confusion ( Ukai et al 1993, Ukai et al 1994.…”

Characterization of Langmuir–Blodgett films of a calix[8]arene and sensing properties towards volatile organic vapors

“…Other natural sources include trees and other plant and animal species as well as from synthetic sources such as petroleum derivatives. These vapors have been shown to contribute to several illnesses such as sick building syndrome [2], allergic sensitization [3], immune effects in infants or children or asthmatic symptoms [4], probably because concentrations of VOCs in indoor air are generally much greater than in outdoor air. Aromatic VOCs are suspected carcinogens and can potentially lead to leukemia and lymphoma upon prolonged exposure [5].…”

“…Calix [4]resorcinarenes have been previously incorporated into LB films and exposed to a wide range of vapors (e.g. amines, alcohols, and thiols) to study the interaction mechanism between calix and vapors.…”

Investigation of toxic factors affecting cells of rat brains exposed to 3-methylcatechol

“…Thinner is a neurotoxic mixture containing 60-70% toluene, which has been shown to induce an increase in lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus, cerebellum and cortex of rats chronically exposed to this solvent (Baydas et al, 2005). Toluene permeabilizes mitochondria (Giulivi et al, 1998) and induced the formation of ROS in rat brain synaptosome fractions (Myhre and Fonnum, 2001), but at concentrations up to 178 µg/ml did not produce cytotoxic effects towards CD3-CD28-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (Wichmann et al, 2005). However, 1 mM toluene increased caspase-9 activity in LLC-PK1 immortalized renal proximal tubular epithelial cells derived from the pig, after being treated for 96 hours (Al-Ghamdi et al, 2004).…”