An Experimental Model of Unconfined Bubbly Lava Flows: Importance of Localized Bubble Distribution

Namiki, Atsuko; Lev, Einat; Birnbaum, Janine; Baur, Jasper

doi:10.1029/2022jb024139

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The lavas erupted during the 2021 Cumbre Vieja eruption show a high flowing ability due to the low‐viscosity typical of mafic and alkaline melts (Campagnola et al., 2016; Chevrel et al., 2015; Di Fiore, Vona, et al., 2021; Di Fiore, et al., 2022; Giordano & Dingwell, 2003; Ishibashi, 2009; Ishibashi & Sato, 2007; Jones et al., 2022; Kolzenburg, Di Genova, et al., 2018; Kolzenburg et al., 2016; Kurokawa et al., 2022; Sato, 2005; Sehlke et al., 2014; Vetere et al., 2019; Vona et al., 2011, 2017). Low viscosity also facilitates efficient degassing (Namiki et al., 2022) and promotes fast crystallization kinetics due to rapid chemical diffusion (Mollo & Hammer, 2017). Consequently, lava solidification paths and emplacement styles are primarily controlled by the crystallization efficiency, which in turn is strongly influenced by the cooling conditions that a flow experiences (Arzilli et al., 2022; Di Fiore, Vona, et al., 2021; Di Fiore, et al., 2022; Giordano et al., 2007; Kolzenburg et al., 2016, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Constraints on the Rheology of Lavas From 2021 Cumbre Vieja Eruption (La Palma, Spain)

Fiore

Vona

Scarani

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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The 2021 Tajogaite eruption of Cumbre Vieja (La Palma, Spain) was typified by the emission of low viscosity lavas that flowed at high velocities and inundated a large area. We experimentally investigated the rheological evolution of melt feeding the eruption through concentric cylinder viscometry to understand the exceptional flowing ability of these lavas and constrain its emplacement dynamics. We conducted a set of cooling deformation experiments at different cooling rates (from 0.1 to 10 °C/min), and isothermal deformation experiments at subliquidus dwell temperatures between 1225 and 1175°C. All experiments were conducted at a shear rate of 10 s−1. Results show that disequilibrium crystallization and its timescale fundamentally control the rheological evolution of the melt, resulting in different rheological response to deformation of the crystal‐bearing magmatic suspension. Integrating rheological data with field observations allows us to shed light on the mechanisms that govern the high flowability of these lavas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Constraints on the Rheology of Lavas From 2021 Cumbre Vieja Eruption (La Palma, Spain)

Fiore

Vona

Scarani

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…In this work, we adopt a simple Bingham rheology to describe thermorheological flow stopping. Although this is a common choice for modeling lava flows, the more general Herschel‐Bulkley model better captures the strain rate‐dependent rheology of multiphase mixtures of melt, crystals, and bubbles (Birnbaum et al., 2021; Castruccio et al., 2014; Conroy & Lev, 2021; Namiki et al., 2022). However, from an operational perspective, the Bingham‐type stopping behavior induced by a yield strength is the most important component of this model, and thus we omit the strain rate dependence for simplicity.…”

Section: Mathematical Model Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Next‐Generation Lava Flow Forecasting: Development of a Fast, Physics‐Based Lava Propagation Model

2022

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During effusive volcanic crises, the eruption and propagation of lava flows pose a significant hazard to nearby populations, homes, and infrastructure. Consequently, timely lava flow forecasts are a critical need for volcano observatory and emergency management operations. Previous lava flow modeling tools are typically either too slow to produce timely forecasts, or are fast, but lack critical aspects of lava physics or important forecasting outputs. In particular, the strong thermal stratification present in laminar, high‐Prandtl number flows has generally been neglected. Bulk rheological changes have previously been computed from cell‐averaged temperatures, assuming that the flow is thermally mixed. Here, we detail the development and initial testing of Lava2d, a new two‐dimensional depth‐averaged finite volume model of lava flow propagation over natural terrain which accounts for bulk rheological changes due to thermorheological stratification. We use a novel approach to energy conservation based on tracking cooling and solidifying at the flow base and at the moving flow surface, allowing for the estimation of more realistic vertical thermorheological profiles, while maintaining computational efficiency, producing very timely model runs. We validate our approach with three examples: comparison with theoretical propagation of crust‐dominated lava flows, comparison with a large‐scale molten basalt experiment from the Syracuse University Lava Project, and efficiency testing and comparison with the initial phase of the 1984 Mauna Loa lava flows. Our model is shown to produce rapid, realistic forecasts, making it a good candidate for operationalization in active volcanic regions such as in Hawai'i.

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Stable bubble formations in a depth-perturbed Hele-Shaw channel

Lawless,

Keeler,

Hazel

et al. 2024

Phys. Rev. Fluids

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The propagation of polydisperse bubbles inside a rectangular Hele-Shaw channel by the constant volumetric flux flow of an ambient viscous liquid is generally unsteady; pairs of neighboring bubbles will either separate or coalesce because their propagation speeds increase monotonically with their sizes. Thus, any group of bubbles will eventually rearrange itself in order of decreasing size, individual bubbles will separate, and, crucially, there are no stable multiple-bubble states. Remarkably, the introduction of a small axially uniform elevation to the channel's lower boundary (on the order of a percent of the channel's depth) leads to the creation of stable multiple-bubble states and, thus, disrupts the usual reordering by bubble sizes. The constituent bubbles of such states lie in alternation on opposite sides of the elevation. The elevation provides a mechanism for the trailing bubbles to reduce their propagation speeds when approaching their preceding nearest neighbors. The stable multiple-bubble states are always led by the smallest bubble while the trailing bubbles can be arranged in any order and, thus, their number grows factorially as the number of bubbles increases. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

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An Experimental Model of Unconfined Bubbly Lava Flows: Importance of Localized Bubble Distribution

Cited by 3 publications

References 101 publications

Experimental Constraints on the Rheology of Lavas From 2021 Cumbre Vieja Eruption (La Palma, Spain)

Experimental Constraints on the Rheology of Lavas From 2021 Cumbre Vieja Eruption (La Palma, Spain)

Toward Next‐Generation Lava Flow Forecasting: Development of a Fast, Physics‐Based Lava Propagation Model

Stable bubble formations in a depth-perturbed Hele-Shaw channel

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