“…On the same database, BlazingSQL, OmniSciDB, and PG-Strom outperformed PostgreSQL by 94x, 32x, and 3x, respectively, for Q12-4, demanding a four-way join followed by sorting (caused by order-by). However, the studied GPU DBMSes are not recommended for join and simple selective scan queries on small data that easily fit in GPU mem-ory, and they may not be cost-effective as discussed in our earlier research [1].…”