An experimental study into the geometry of supply‐limited dunes

Tuijnder, Arjan; Ribberink, Jan S.; Hulscher, Suzanne J.M.H.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2009.01054.x

Cited by 64 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The correlation between flow depth and dune height in natural rivers also varies with grain-size sorting, sediment suspension, supply limitation, bed cohesion, and by acceleration-deceleration and secondary currents generated by bar-scale topography (e.g. Wan and Wang, 1994;Nittrouer et al, 2008;Sambrook Smith et al, 2009;Tuijnder et al, 2009;Leclair, 2011;Claude et al, 2012;Baas et al, 2013;Rodrigues et al, 2014;Schindler et al, 2015). Dune geometries in marine settings also typically indicate that water depth is commonly less important than sediment availability and shear stress distributions (Bartholdy et al, 2005;Hulscher and Dohmen-Janssen, 2005;Parsons and Best, 2013).…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 95%

Extremes in dune preservation: Controls on the completeness of fluvial deposits

Reesink

Berg

Parsons

et al. 2015

Earth-Science Reviews

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Understanding sedimentary preservation underpins our ability to interpret the ancient sedimentary record and reconstruct paleoenvironments and paleoclimates. Dune sets are ubiquitous in preserved river deposits and are typically interpreted based on a model that describes the recurrence of erosion in a vertical sequence, but without considering spatial variability. However, spatial variability in flow and sediment transport will change the recurrence of erosion, and therefore dune preservation. In order to better understand the limits of these interpretations and outline the causes of potential variability in preservation potential, this paper reviews existing work and presents new observations of an extreme end-member of dune preservation: 'form-sets', formed by dunes in which both stoss-and lee-slopes are preserved intact. These form-sets do not conform to models that are based on the recurrence of erosion, since erosion does not recur in their case, and can therefore be used to evaluate the assumptions that underpin sedimentary preservation. New Ground Penetrating Radar data from the Río Paraná, Argentina, show dune fields that are buried intact within larger scale barforms. These trains of form-sets are up to 300 m in length, are restricted to unit-bar troughs in the upper 5 m of the channel deposits, occur in N 5% of the mid-channel bar deposits, show reactivation surfaces, occur in multiple levels, and match the size of average-flow dunes. A review of published accounts of form-sets highlights a diversity of processes that can be envisaged for their formation: i) abandonment after extreme floods, ii) slow burial of abandoned dune forms by cohesive clay in sheltered bar troughs and meander-neck cut-offs, iii) fast burial by mass-movement processes, and iv) climbing of dune sets due to local dominance of deposition over dune migration. Analysis of these new and published accounts of form-sets and their burial processes highlights that form-sets need not be indicative of extreme floods. Instead, form-sets are closely associated with surrounding geomorphology such as river banks, meander-neck cut-offs, and bars because this larger-scale context controls the local sediment budget and the nature of recurrence of erosion. Locally enhanced preservation by the 'extreme' dominance of deposition is further promoted by finer grain sizes and prolonged changes in flow stage. Such conditions are characteristic, although not exclusive, of large lowland rivers such as the Río Paraná. The spatial control on dune preservation is critical: although at-a-point models adequately describe near-horizontal sets of freely migrating dunes in uniform flows, they are unsuitable for inclined dune co-sets and other cases where multiple scales of bedforms interact. Spatial and temporal variations in flow and sediment transport between the thalweg and different positions on larger bar-forms can change the preservation potential of dunes within river channels. Therefore, dune set thickness distributions are likely grouped in larger-scale un...

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 95%

Extremes in dune preservation: Controls on the completeness of fluvial deposits

Reesink

Berg

Parsons

et al. 2015

Earth-Science Reviews

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“…Because the angle of repose of sand does not vary much, A is treated as a constant by Hino (1968). This scaling law is named as the '− 3' spectral law and is acknowledged as an important characteristic of sand dunes that has been extensively verified in flume experiments and in field measurements (Hino, 1968;Jain and Kennedy, 1974;Levey et al, 1980;Nakagawa and Tsujimoto, 1984;Best, 2005;Jerolmack and Mohrig, 2005;Tuijnder et al, 2009;Aberle et al, 2010;Singh et al, 2011;Qin et al, 2013). Even though the scaling law has been repeatedly observed, the mechanism of this law remains to be clarified and it has been related to various physical characteristics of river beds (Coleman and Nikora, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spectral behavior of gravel dunes

Qin

Zhong

2015

Geomorphology

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“…However, the supplylimited steady-state dimensions need to be specified and cannot be predicted. Tuijnder et al (2009) have conducted a set of flume experiments to study the relation between supply limitation and dune characteristics because of the importance of dune dimensions in roughness prediction and the limited quantitative understanding of this relation. The results of these experiments have been used to develop a bedform dimension reduction (BDR) function that describes the decrease in dune dimensions due to supply limitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental observation and modelling of roughness variation due to supply-limited sediment transport in uni-directional flow

Tuijnder

Ribberink

2012

Journal of Hydraulic Research

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This paper presents a study on the relationship between supply-limited bedform formation and the hydraulic roughness of the riverbed. The results of several new sets of flume experiments with supply-limited or partial transport conditions with bimodal sediment are presented. The results show that both the bedform and grain-related roughness show a clear dependency on the degree of supply limitation. This variation can be attributed to the reduction of the bedform dimensions with a decreasing availability of mobile sediment and an increasing exposure of the usually coarser sublayer (armour layer or pavement) that causes the supply limitation. In the present study, we present a new method to predict the exposure of the immobile sublayer, as well as the bedform and grain-related roughness under supply-limited conditions.

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An experimental study into the geometry of supply‐limited dunes

Cited by 64 publications

References 19 publications

Extremes in dune preservation: Controls on the completeness of fluvial deposits

Extremes in dune preservation: Controls on the completeness of fluvial deposits

Spectral behavior of gravel dunes

Experimental observation and modelling of roughness variation due to supply-limited sediment transport in uni-directional flow

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