An experimental study of acute neonatal enterocolitis—the importance of breast milk

Barlow, Barbara; Santulli, Thomas V.; Heird, William C.; Pitt, Jane; Blanc, William A.; Schullinger, John N.

doi:10.1016/0022-3468(74)90093-1

Cited by 374 publications

(170 citation statements)

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“…Vários modelos animais foram propostos para demonstrar a importância da hipóxia no desenvolvimento das lesões na ECN [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . Barlow e Santulli 3,5 provocaram lesão intestinal em ratos recém-nascidos alimentados com leite artificial, colocando os animais em saco plástico durante 3 a 5 minutos por dia.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A combinação de isquemia gastrointestinal, fruto de uma redistribuição do fluxo sangüíneo esplâncnico para órgãos vitais como coração e cérebro, alimentação enteral, possivelmente predispondo à lesão da camada mucosa e mais a translocação de bactérias patogênicas, tudo isto associado a uma imaturidade dos mecanismos imunitários intestinais, estariam envolvidos em seu desenvolvimento 1,2 . Muitos modelos animais foram usados para avaliar os efeitos da hipóxia na etiopatogenia da ECN e demonstraram que o decréscimo da perfusão intestinal e que a lesão tecidual seriam causadas por um mecanismo de isquemia e reperfusão [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . O objetivo de nosso estudo é avaliar um modelo experimental de ECN em ratos proposto por em 1995 por Okur e col. 9 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Avaliação de um modelo experimental de enterocolite necrosante neonatal em ratos

et al. 2006

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar um modelo experimental de enterocolite necrosante em ratos proposto por Okur e colaboradores em 1995. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se 28 ratos da raça EPM-Wistar no primeiro dia de vida, com peso entre 4 a 6 gramas. Os animais foram submetidos a hipóxia (H) colocando os filhotes em uma câmara de gás CO2 para sacrifício de roedores onde receberam um fluxo de ar contendo 100% de CO2 durante 5 minutos. Após a hipóxia os animais foram reanimados (R) com fluxo de ar contendo O2 a 100%, também durante 5 minutos. Os animais divididos em dois grupos: G1: controle (n=12): ratos não submetidos a H-R; G2: (n=16): ratos submetidos a H-R. Segmentos de intestino delgado e cólon foram preparados para análise histológica. O restante do intestino foi utilizado para dosagem de malondialdeído tecidual. RESULTADOS: Dosagem de malondialdeído do G1 foi em média 1,05 (0,44-2,03) e do G2 foi em média 2,60 (0,59- 6,4) nmol MDA/mg proteína. O G2 teve média significativamente maior do que a do grupo controle (p<0,002). Foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos de estudo quanto à distribuição do grau de lesão onde o grupo G1 apresentou graus significantemente menores do que o grupo G2. CONCLUSÕES: O modelo mostrou que a hipóxia neonatal em ratos provoca lesões na parede intestinal.. Apesar das lesões histológicas discretas é um bom método para avaliação da liberação de radicais livres teciduais.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Avaliação de um modelo experimental de enterocolite necrosante neonatal em ratos

et al. 2006

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“…A previously published protocol was used to induce NEC in the NEC pups [12,13]. Briefly, the pups were orally gavage fed formula consisting of 20 g Similac 60/40 (Ross Pediatrics, Columbus, OH) dissolved in 100 mL Esbilac puppy formula (Pet-Ag, New Hampshire, IL) every four hours and were given one oral dose of lipopolysaccharide (2 mg/kg Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium; Sigma Chemical CO., St. Louis, MO) at 12 h of life.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected Macrophage Activity Alters the Inflammatory Process in Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Raque¹,

Matheson²,

Connolly³

et al. 2017

J Cytokine Biol

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Objective: Macrophages play a role in clearing bacteria from the gut in the initial stages of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α (MIP-1α), also known as CCL3, is a chemokine produced by macrophages that enhances the immune response. It acts as both a recruiter of immune cells and a coactivator of other macrophages. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a pro-inflammatory chemotactant produced by several types of phagocytic cells such as dendritic cells and neutrophils, but primarily by macrophages. We hypothesized that the pro-inflammatory state associated with NEC pathophysiology would induce increased expression of MIP-1α and IL-12 that would be detectable in serum and intestinal tissue.Methods: Timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized by litter. Controls were delivered vaginally and dam-fed. NEC pup groups were delivered 12 h prematurely via Cesarean section, formula fed, given a single oral dose of lipopolysaccharide, and subjected to intermittent cold and hypoxia as part of a proven NEC rat model protocol. Animals were sacrificed at 0, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of life and serum and intestinal tissue samples were collected. Samples were analysed via western blot using antibodies with affinity to MIP-1α and IL-12 respectively.Results: Serum and ileal levels of MIP-1 alpha were increased from 48 to 72 h in NEC animals when compared with controls. Serum and ileal IL-12 was downregulated in NEC groups at 12 and 24 h compared to controls. Conclusion:Macrophage function plays an important role in the first 48 h of NEC pathophysiology. Downregulation of IL-12 in the setting of increased MIP-1α expression may represent deranged or inhibited macrophage function in the context of NEC pathogenesis. Further work to elucidate the significance of these findings is warranted.

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“…Further, there was evidence available during this period that premature babies fed artificially were at greater risk of infection (Anon., 1961;Tassovatz and Kotsitch, 1961;György, 1971;Winberg and Wessner, 1971;Hanson and Winberg, 1972) and necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), a cascade of events which is potentially fatal (Addy, 1976;Barlow et al, 1974). However, sometimes mothers of sick babies had already abandoned breastfeeding and there was little support to relactate (re-establish lactation).…”

Section: Babies In Needmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human milk banking in the volunteer sector: Policy development and actuality in 1970s Australia

Thorley

2012

Midwifery

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Objective: to describe the development of rigorous milk banking policies in the voluntary sector in Australia, 1975Australia, -1979, by the non-government organisation, the Nursing Mothers' Association of Australia (now the Australian Breastfeeding Association), and the eventual abandonment of milk banking by the organisation.Design: 0historical article. Setting: Australia in the years 1975-1979.Conclusions: During the period in which the policy development described here took place, conducting a milk bank to the rigorous standards set by the organisation required too heavy an investment of hours by unpaid volunteer coordinators to be sustainable. Implications for practice:In establishing and continuing a successful milk bank, models which depend less on volunteer hours may be more sustainable.

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An experimental study of acute neonatal enterocolitis—the importance of breast milk

Cited by 374 publications

References 15 publications

Avaliação de um modelo experimental de enterocolite necrosante neonatal em ratos

Avaliação de um modelo experimental de enterocolite necrosante neonatal em ratos

Unexpected Macrophage Activity Alters the Inflammatory Process in Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Human milk banking in the volunteer sector: Policy development and actuality in 1970s Australia

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