An experimental study of density-driven convection of fluid pairs with viscosity contrast in porous media

Teng, Ying; Wang, Pengfei; Jiang, Lanlan; Liu, Yu; Song, Yongchen; Wei, Yang

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.119514

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…With relevance to this work, we consider observations from 3D experimental studies. In particular Teng et al, Wang et al, and Liyanage et al indicate a power-law exponent between 0.9 and 1.0, which is larger than the value reported here. However, their data were collected using fluid pairs that feature either a nonmonotonic density profile , or a viscosity contrast that might impact the scaling.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 78%

“…A nondimensional measure for the long-term convective mass flux is the Sherwood number, Sh . It is determined as the average mass flux normalized by the diffusive mass flux over the sample height H with ,, S h = F normalc ϕ normalΔ c D m / H where Δ c = c max is the concentration difference between the liquids (pure and saturated water). In Figure the computed values of the Sherwood number are plotted as a function of Ra for each experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Second Moment (Standard Deviation)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Moment Analysis of Convective Mixing in Three-Dimensional Porous Media Using X-ray CT Images

Anna-Maria

Liyanage

Kurotori

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Dissolution trapping is one of the primary mechanisms of carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in deep saline aquifers. The determination of the realized rates of CO2 dissolution requires an understanding of the mixing process that takes place following the emplacement of CO2 into the formation. Owing to the difficulty of reproducing the time-dependent convective process in porous media, experiments so far have largely focused on 2D systems (e.g., Hele-Shaw cells) and used analogue fluid pairs with properties that differ from the subsurface CO2/brine system. Here, we present a novel experimental approach to investigate the evolution of the convective mixing process in 3D porous media (homogeneous packings of glass beads) using X-ray computed tomography (CT). We explore a range of Rayleigh numbers (Ra = 3000–55000) and observe directly the mixing structures that arise upon dissolution. We compute from the images the temporal evolution of the spatial moments of the concentration distribution, including the cumulative dissolved mass, the location of the center of mass, and the standard deviation of the concentration field. The scalings of the spatial moments suggest an impact of hydrodynamic dispersion on the longitudinal mixing. We propose a simplified representation of the mixing process by analogy with the 1D advection–dispersion model. This enables the estimation of the bulk advective velocity and the effective longitudinal dispersion coefficient for each bead packing. These estimates suggest that the presence of the finger pattern and the counter-current flow structure enhance the longitudinal spreading of the solute by roughly 1 order of magnitude compared to unidirectional dispersion of a single-solute plume.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Moment Analysis of Convective Mixing in Three-Dimensional Porous Media Using X-ray CT Images

Anna-Maria

Liyanage

Kurotori

et al. 2022

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Figure 6 b compares the maximum finger number with Teng’s and Jiang’s data, showing our data are smaller (about 37.17%) than Teng’s and Jiang’s data [ 45 , 46 ]. The reason may be that both of them adopt simulation fluids for CCS and thermodynamics property of which differ from the real CO 2 gas we used.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Change in Convection Mixing Properties with Salinity and Temperature: CO2 Storage Application

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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In this study, we visualised CO2-brine, density-driven convection in a Hele-Shaw cell. Several experiments were conducted to analyse the effects of the salinity and temperature. The salinity and temperature of fluids were selected according to the storage site. By using charge coupled device (CCD) technology, convection finger formation and development were obtained through direct imaging and processing. The process can be divided into three stages: diffusion-dominated, convection-dominated and shutdown stages. Fingers were formed along the boundary at the onset time, reflecting the startup of convection mixing. Fingers formed, moved and aggregated with adjacent fingers during the convection-dominated stage. The relative migration of brine-saturated CO2 and brine enhanced the mass transfer. The effects of salinity and temperature on finger formation, number, and migration were analysed. Increasing the salinity accelerated finger formation but suppressed finger movement, and the onset time was inversely related to the salinity. However, the effect of temperature on convection is complex. The dissolved CO2 mass was investigated by calculating the CO2 mass fraction in brine during convection mixing. The results show that convection mixing greatly enhanced mass transfer. The study has implications for predicting the CO2 dissolution trapping time and accumulation for the geological storage of CO2.

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“…In our previous studies, the convection mixing process was visually investigated by using CCD and MRI technologies (Jiang et al., 2019; Rasmusson et al., 2017; Teng et al., 2020). With the development of visualization technology, MRI has attained incomparable advantages in monitoring the spatial and temporal distributions of CO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unstable Density‐Driven Convection of CO₂ in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Porous Media With Implications for Deep Saline Aquifers

Cheng

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2021

Water Resources Research

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The capture of CO 2 from fossil fuel power plants and storage in deep saline aquifers has been the focus of greenhouse gas emissions mitigation. Considerable progress has been achieved in understanding CO 2 migration during storage process worldwide (Blanco et al., 2012). Large-scale CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) projects, such as the Sleipner CO 2 storage project in Norway and the Gorgon CO 2 injection project in Australia, have been constructed or are in operation (Viebahn et al., 2014). Deep saline aquifers have enormous storage potential and are economically favorable; hence, properly selecting storage sites and predicting geo-sequestration security are necessary. Stored CO 2 migrates upward and accumulates beneath a cap rock, and complex flows and reactions will occur in the porous media during this process (Fredd & Fogler, 1998; Hoefner & Fogler, 1988). Over time, a high density CO 2 solution will migrate downward, referred to as "solubility trapping" (Al-Khdheeawi et al., 2018; Boot-Handford et al., 2014). This density-driven convection can enhance CO 2 storage and reduce the risk of CO 2 leakage (Jiang et al., 2019). Fluid dissolution in porous media was rarely considered in studies conducted before the 2000s. In recent years, heterogeneous reservoirs were reported to attain higher dissolution convection mixing velocities with higher CO 2 storage capacities than homogeneous reservoirs (Hou et al., 2012; Islam & Sun, 2015; Lv et al., 2017b; Tanino & Blunt, 2012). Notably, natural formations tend to be heterogeneous or exhibit fractured zones, which can trigger viscous flow instabilities during multifluid displacement (Macminn et al., 2012). The rate of CO 2 mass transfer is closely related to the formation morphology, especially the distributions of the formation porosity and permeability (Kong & Saar, 2013). Aronne et al. (Dell'Oca et al., 2018) investigated the effect of buoyancy and permeability heterogeneity on solute dispersion and found that spatial redistribution of the velocity field can reduce the spread of high solute concentrations and event contract these areas. In some experimental works, convection velocity mapping analysis was conducted by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (Darbouli et al., 2016; Shattuck et al., 1995), and the onset morphology changed with increasing fluid concentration. As a nondestructive Abstract Density-driven convection mixing has been identified to enhance CO 2 trapping in deep saline aquifers storage. In this study, the dynamics of fingering instability and associated mass transfer caused by convection mixing between the movements of miscible analogue fluid pairs are investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two kinds of homogeneous porous media and six kinds of heterogeneous porous media with varying permeability permutations were used at ambient pressure and temperature. In homogeneous porous media, the detail analyses on the data of fingering pattern, finger number and distribution identify that the large finger sizes and high sinking velocities can be dev...

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An experimental study of density-driven convection of fluid pairs with viscosity contrast in porous media

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Spatial Moment Analysis of Convective Mixing in Three-Dimensional Porous Media Using X-ray CT Images

Spatial Moment Analysis of Convective Mixing in Three-Dimensional Porous Media Using X-ray CT Images

Change in Convection Mixing Properties with Salinity and Temperature: CO2 Storage Application

Unstable Density‐Driven Convection of CO₂ in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Porous Media With Implications for Deep Saline Aquifers

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An experimental study of density-driven convection of fluid pairs with viscosity contrast in porous media

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Spatial Moment Analysis of Convective Mixing in Three-Dimensional Porous Media Using X-ray CT Images

Spatial Moment Analysis of Convective Mixing in Three-Dimensional Porous Media Using X-ray CT Images

Change in Convection Mixing Properties with Salinity and Temperature: CO2 Storage Application

Unstable Density‐Driven Convection of CO2 in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Porous Media With Implications for Deep Saline Aquifers

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Unstable Density‐Driven Convection of CO₂ in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Porous Media With Implications for Deep Saline Aquifers