2020
DOI: 10.1002/pen.25353
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An Experimental Study of Nozzle Temperature and Heat Treatment (Annealing) Effects on Mechanical Properties of High‐Temperature Polylactic Acid in Fused Deposition Modeling

Abstract: Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the trendiest threedimensional (3D) printing method among additive manufacturing technologies. In this process, the final parts are constructed through layer-by-layer adhesion of thermoplastic polymers. Amorphous thermoplastic polymers have better printability compared to semicrystalline ones; so, they are most popular with FDM users. Generally, the overall mechanical properties of FDM 3D printed parts are weaker in comparison to the traditional methods (such as injection mol… Show more

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Cited by 107 publications
(77 citation statements)
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References 36 publications
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“…Currently, most of the applications of FFF revolve around conceptual modeling and functional prototyping, owing to availability of wide range of engineering thermoplastics having improved mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. [2] The process is very user-friendly and simple and continues to develop over the years. Development of new printers with various nozzle geometries, holds promise to make this process more appealing for mass production.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Currently, most of the applications of FFF revolve around conceptual modeling and functional prototyping, owing to availability of wide range of engineering thermoplastics having improved mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. [2] The process is very user-friendly and simple and continues to develop over the years. Development of new printers with various nozzle geometries, holds promise to make this process more appealing for mass production.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite significant advantages, the process has some limitations, and extensive studies were conducted to overcome these problems [ 1 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The main limitations of this method are directional mechanical properties, material restrictions, low dimensional accuracy and surface finish, lower strength compared to other production methods, and weakness in commercial software [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Most studies were designed to improve the mechanical properties and optimize the parameters of this process [ 13 , 14 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most studies were designed to improve the mechanical properties and optimize the parameters of this process [ 13 , 14 ]. Some groups studied different materials [ 1 , 12 , 15 ] and feeding mechanisms with the melting and extrusion consideration system [ 16 ], surface finish and dimensional accuracy [ 17 ], material swelling [ 18 ], in-process cooling [ 19 ], thermal analysis of layers [ 2 ], and melt stability [ 20 ]. Other groups examined the effect of printing parameters such as nozzle temperature, bed temperature, nozzle diameter, nozzle geometry, layer height, extrusion width, sample orientation, raster angle, filling percentage, filling pattern, air gap, and printing speed [ 3 , 21 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite significant advantages, the process has some limitations, and extensive studies have been don e to overcome these [1,[6][7][8]. The main limitations of this method are directional mechanical properties, materia l restrictions, low dimensional accuracy and surface finish, lower strength compared to other production methods, and weakness in commercial software [9][10][11]. The majority of researches in the literature have been designed to improve the mechanical properties and optimize the parameters of this process [12,13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some studied different materials [1,11,14] and feeding mechanisms by the consideration of melting and extrusion system [15], surface finish and dimensional accuracy [16], material swelling [17], in-process cooling [18,19], thermal analysis of layers [2], and melt stability [20]. Also, some other examined the effect of printing parameters such as nozzle temperature, bed temperature, nozzle diameter, nozzle geometry, layer height, extrusion width, sample's orientation, raster angle, filling percentage, filling pattern, air gap, and printing speed [3,21].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%