An experimental study of the utilisation, by the laying hen, of dietary energy partially supplied as animal fat

Jackson, N.; Kirkpatrick, H. R.; Fulton, Robert B.

doi:10.1080/00071666908415750

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Aside from improving feed efficiency, fats were found to improve the efficiency of energy utilization by chicks (Rand et al, 1958;Menge and Denton, 1961;Carew andHill, 1964 andThompson, 1965) and growing turkeys (Touchburn andNaber, 1966 andJensen et al 1970). However, Waring et al (1968) and Jackson et al (1969) reported that dietary fat decreased the efficiency of energy utilization by laying hens. Touchburn and Naber (1966) used the term "extra-caloric benefit" to describe the improvement in energy utilization or the associative dynamic effect upon the addition of fat to turkey diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effect of Feed Grade Animal Fat on Laying Hen Performance and on Metabolizable Energy of Rations

Horani

Sell

1977

Poultry Science

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The addition of 2 or 4% fat to laying hen rations based on corn, oats, barley or combinations of these grains significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed consumption and improved feed efficiency. There were no adverse effects of added fat on egg production and on livability of laying hens. When no fat was added, the use of combinations of oats and corn (24.2 and 49.2% of the ration, respectively) or barley and corn (24.2 and 49.2% of the ration, respectively) resulted in an increase in egg production and an improvement in feed efficiency in comparison with rations based on corn, oats or barley alone.Added fat was found to have an "extra metabolic effect" whereby the change in ration M.E. caused by fat as measured experimentally exceeded that anticipated on the basis of calculated M.E. of the ration. This effect was mainly observed in rations with 4% added fat and in rations where corn was one of the ingredients. The apparent M.E. of fat, therefore, would approach its gross energy value if this "extra metabolic effect" was entirely attributed to added fat. , 1966. The energy value of fats for growing turkeys. Proc. Xlllth Worlds Poultry Congress, Kiev, Russia, Pg. 190-195. Treat, C. M., B. L. Reid, R. E. Davies and J. R. Couch, 1960. Effect of animal fat and mixtures of animal and vegetable fats containing varying amounts of free fatty acids on performance of cage layers, Poultry Sci. 39:1550-1555. Waring, J. J., R. F. Addison and W. O. Brown, 1968. A comparative study of energy utilization by the laying hen from diets containing a high proportion of fat and diets made up mainly from carbohydrate sources. Brit. Poultry Sci. 9:79-86.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Effect of Feed Grade Animal Fat on Laying Hen Performance and on Metabolizable Energy of Rations

Horani

Sell

1977

Poultry Science

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“…Donaldson (1962) found that reduction of the energy intake of hens on a 30 per cent fat diet to that of hens on a control diet resulted in the same increase in body weight but failed to support the same level of egg production as the cereal diet. In a recent experiment (Jackson et al, 1969) it was found that fat (arachis oil) added to the diet had no adverse effect on egg production up to a level of 7 per cent, but at the two higher levels of fat addition (15 per cent and 28-25 per cent) egg production was depressed. Waring et al (1968) found that the addition of high levels of tallow to diets for laying hens resulted in a reduced level of egg production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Waring et al (1968) found that diets containing 28-32 per cent tallow had a lower gross energetic effici-RESTRICTED ENERGY INTAKE AND EGG PRODUCTION IOI ency for egg production than a diet containing 15 per cent arachis oil-an effect which could not be entirely explained on the basis of increased body weight or lower egg production. In addition, Jackson et al (1969) found that the efficiency of utilisation of ME for egg production fell as the fat (arachis oil) content and hence the ME content of the diet was increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The data can be at least partly explained by the decrease in the maintenance requirement when the diet is restricted. Jackson et al (1969) have calculated for birds fed diets containing up to 28 per cent of tallow, as much as 40 kcal of ME daily may be required to maintain body weight gain-i.e. over 13 per cent of the ME intake is required to maintain excess body weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that if the energy concentration of broiler diets is increased there is an increase in energy intake (Begin, 1961) accompanied by increased efficiency up to a certain level. Although Hill (1962) has suggested that the daily metabolisable energy (ME) intake of laying hens is maintained constant over a wide range of dietary energy concentrations, recent experiments (Payne, 1966;Waring, Addison and Brown, 1968;Morris, 1968;Jackson, Kirkpatrick and Fulton, 1969) indicate that ME intake can be increased above this level by raising the ME 93 These reports indicate that control of energy intake when feeding diets of high energy concentration is difficult in the laying hen without individual restriction. ' ' ' Heywang (1940) restricted groups of laying hens to 75 and 87*5 per cent of the amount consumed by control groups fed ad libitum and found that restriction decreased egg production but did not affect the average size of the eggs laid or the average body weight of the fowls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The effect of restricting the individual daily energy intake of caged layers on the efficiency of egg production

Jackson¹

1970

British Poultry Science

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Two experiments are described in which the daily metabolisable energy intake of laying hens fed a concentrated diet (ME = 3550 kcal/kg) was restricted on an individual hen basis. Performance on this diet was compared with that of hens fed a high-energy diet (ME = 2690 kcal/kg). In experiment 1 medium-weight hybrid pullets were used and in experiment 2 two light-weight hybrid strains were used.In both experiments maximum egg production was obtained from the birds fed the high-energy diet ad libitum. Restriction of the concentrated diet caused a significant reduction of body weight gain and a statistically insignificant fall in the total weight of egg product and in percentage production in both experiments.Restriction of the concentrated diet caused improvements of 22 and 18 per cent in the efficiency of utilisation of metabolisable energy in experiments 1 and 2 respectively.The data are discussed in relation to the relevant literature and the current cost of concentrated sources of energy.

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Response of laying hens fed on a restricted isocaloric intake basis to oil supplementation of a low‐fat ration

Balnave

1969

J Sci Food Agric

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Dept. of Agricultural Chemistry, Queen's University, Belfast and Ministry of Agriculture, N. Ireland Two experiments are described in which varying levels of corn oil or cod liver oil were added to the diet of birds previously maintained from one day old on a low‐fat cornflour‐based diet containing 0–35% linpleic acid. All diets were fed at three different metabolisable energy (ME) intake levels, the birds being fed a weighed quantity of food daily. Neither ME intake nor dietary corn oil or cod liver oil supplementation had any significant influence on egg size. Increasing levels of dietary ME increased the number of eggs laid, the response being very rapid and occurring within the first 28 days. Any effect of dietary com oil was exerted mainly through the size of eggs laid, although these differences in egg size were not great enough to attain statistical significance. The response to dietary corn oil was not as rapid as the response to dietary ME and no significant effect of corn oil was observed until the second 28‐day period. Dietary corn oil increased the efficiency of conversion of dietary ME to egg product but dietary cod liver oil was without effect.

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An experimental study of the utilisation, by the laying hen, of dietary energy partially supplied as animal fat

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of Feed Grade Animal Fat on Laying Hen Performance and on Metabolizable Energy of Rations

Effect of Feed Grade Animal Fat on Laying Hen Performance and on Metabolizable Energy of Rations

The effect of restricting the individual daily energy intake of caged layers on the efficiency of egg production

Response of laying hens fed on a restricted isocaloric intake basis to oil supplementation of a low‐fat ration

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