An Experimental Study of the Flow Around a Formula One Racing Car Tire

Issakhanian, Emin; Elkins, Chris; Lo, Kin Pong; Eaton, John K.

doi:10.1115/1.4001880

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Due to the requirements of regulations, the wheels are exposed and therefore can contribute up to 40% of the vehicle's total drag (4) . The aerodynamic performance of front wings in isolation has been studied extensively in recent years (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) , and several other reports on isolated.wheels have also increased knowledge about wheel performance when free of wing interference (11)(12)(13)(14)(15) . Intuitively, the close proximity of the front wheels to the front wing would be expected to have a strong influence on the overall system performance, yet the physics associated with the interaction of these two components remains poorly understood (1) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the interaction of a racing car front wing and exposed wheel

Diasinos

Doig

Barber

2014

Aeronaut. j. (1968)

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A numerical investigation of generic open-wheel racing car wing and wheel geometry has been conducted, using original sub-scale experimental data for validation. It was determined that there are three main interactions that may occur, identifiable by the path that the main and secondary wing vortices take around the wheel. Interaction 'A' occurs when the main and secondary wing vortices both travel outboard of the wheel; interaction 'B' is obtained when only the main wing vortex passes inboard of the wheel; while interaction 'C' sees both wing vortices travel inboard of the wheel. The different interactions are achieved when geometric changes to the wing affect the pressure distribution about the endplate, either by altering the magnitude of suction generated by the wing or by changing the locations of peak suction and vortices relative to the wheel's stagnation regions. As a result, the influence that the wing and wheel have on each other -in comparison to the same bodies in isolation -varies, resulting in significant consequences for downforce and drag.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the interaction of a racing car front wing and exposed wheel

Diasinos

Doig

Barber

2014

Aeronaut. j. (1968)

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“…While it is inarguable that flow around a wheel is inherently unsteady (Pirozzoli et al, 2012;Dassanayake et al, 2012), from an industrial point of view the computational power and runtimes involved remain largely impractical for anything other than steady RANS despite the potential for improved accuracy. Similarly, studies investigating flow around well-defined, high fidelity models featuring tyre treads, hub spokes, brake ducts, tyre camber and deformation, etc., lead to problems in reproducing the intricacies of the experiment with confidence in CFD, as many features are difficult to resolve in the model but strongly influence the wake (Saddington et al, 2007;Issakhanian et al, 2010;Axerio-Cilies and Iaccarino, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effects of simplifications on isolated wheel aerodynamics

Diasinos

Barber

Doig

2015

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

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a b s t r a c tIn order to study the aerodynamic forces and flow features of rotating wheels, compromises and simplifications are often made in wind tunnel testing, and more frequently so in numerical modelling. A CFD approach similar to that commonly used in industry was utilised to investigate common assumptions involving; the influence of geometric fidelity in wheel hub regions, ground representation, the modelling of the contact patch, and the effects of rotation on separation. It was found that the separation and wake characteristics were strongly influenced by the rotation of the wheel; the separation point changed by as much as 90% compared to a stationary wheel, and drag was close to 20% less -downforce was approximately 40% greater. In addition, the modelling of the contact patch, treated here as a small step to facilitate skew-free meshing necessary for a reliable converged result, was seen to cause up to a 52% difference in predicted lift characteristics, and an increase in the step of just 2 mm decreased the maximum wake thickness by close to 50% -considerable changes stemming from superficially-minor simplifications. Including indented wheel hubs proved to be more influential on the production of vortices and wake structures, causing the merging of previously-separate vortex structures. The results point to a need for very careful evaluation of the goals of any study when determining which simplifications can be made in both physical testing and numerical analysis.

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“…The results showed that the wheels were responsible for approximately 40% of the aerodynamic drag of the race car for both cases and that both the front and rear wings have a contribution on the down force up to 70 %. Issakhanian et al (2010) conducted an experiment using PIV measurements to describe the flow field around a 60% scale model of an isolated Formula One wheel. The results showed asymmetric longitudinal vortex structures behind the wheel for the reversed flow regions in the wheel wake and a wheel wake profile that is unlike previous experimental results and postulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation of the Flow Field around Generic Formula One

Dang

Chen

2016

JAFM

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The steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method with the Realizable   k turbulence model was used to analyze the flow field around a race car (generic Formula One). This study was conducted using the ANSYS software package. The numerical simulations were conducted at a Reynolds number based on the race car model (14.9×106). The time-averaged velocity field, flow topology, velocity magnitude, static pressure magnitude and vortex regions of the flow fields are presented in this paper. The measurements were performed on the vertical and cross-sectional planes. The results are presented graphically, showing the main characteristics of the flow field around the whole race car, whereas most previous studies only mention the flow field around individual components of race cars. The Realizable k   turbulence model results showed consistency with the valuable validation data, which helps to elucidate the flow field around a model generic Formula one race car.

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An Experimental Study of the Flow Around a Formula One Racing Car Tire

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

On the interaction of a racing car front wing and exposed wheel

On the interaction of a racing car front wing and exposed wheel

The effects of simplifications on isolated wheel aerodynamics

Numerical Simulation of the Flow Field around Generic Formula One

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