An experimental study of the nano-scratch behaviour of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Adams, M.J.; Allan, A. J. G.; Briscoe, B.J.; Doyle, Peter; Gorman, David M.; Johnson, S. A.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1648(01)00798-0

Cited by 70 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In viscoelastic materials, such as polymers, strain hardening should not be ignored. The pile-up formed during the nano-scratch studies on PMMA revealed a maximum hardness value at the rim apex, which decayed asymptotically to the hardness of the unperturbed film with increasing distance from the indentation site [113]. Both the rim height and the extent of strain hardening increased with the applied strain, i.e.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…lower β, deformation occurred elastoplasticly resulting in little or no pile-up [112]. In nanoscratch studies on PMMA, Adams et al have demonstrated that the height of the pile-up will increase with tanβ [113]. In a similar study on polycarbonate, Jardret et al have observed distinctly different pile-up formations on nanoscratch samples of identical hardness.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Both the rim height and the extent of strain hardening increased with the applied strain, i.e. tanβ [113]. In addition, Adams et al observed that the hardened pile-up of an existing scratch reduces the depth of a subsequent parallel scratch within the strain hardened area.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing Macromolecular Dynamics and the Influence of Finite Size Effects

Sills

Overney

2006

Applied Scanning Probe Methods III

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Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Probing Macromolecular Dynamics and the Influence of Finite Size Effects

Sills

Overney

2006

Applied Scanning Probe Methods III

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“…It is known from indentation and scratch hardness studies on polymeric materials that the measured yield stress is strongly dependent on both the indenter geometry (related to strain, tanβ) and the applied strain rate [34][35][36][37][38][39]. Pile-up is also influenced by the strain hardening behavior of the material.…”

Section: Critical Length Parameter During the Glass Forming Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mobility and Confined Plasticity in NEMS Applications

Overney

Sills

2004

MRS Proc.

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Many modern and future technological applications involve ultrathin polymer films with a thickness below the 100-nanometer scale, where statistical bulk averaging is jeopardized and interfacial constraints dictate transport properties. In such confined polymeric systems, transport properties strongly depend on molecular relaxation and structural phases that deviate from the bulk. This is particularly relevant in applications involving nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS). In this paper, we address the correspondence between bulk deviating local glass transition values with the non-monotonic plastic deformation properties in ultrathin polystyrene films. Polystyrene serves as a model material in a NEMS application designed to circumvent the superparamagnetic limit associated with magnetic data storage. The application involves data bit writing via an ultrahigh density thermomechanical indentation process. An elaborate frictionvelocity analysis is introduced as a material characterization tool. It provides fundamental insight into the glass forming process, and consequently, the glass transition value in ultrathin spin coated polymer films. The glass transition value is thereby discussed as a phenomenological limit, not unlike an asymptote, to a diverging size of cooperative rearranging regions upon cooling. Unexpected large cooperative clusters up to 40 nm were observed -a dimension that is noticeable at the 100-nanometer length scale. In the light of MD simulations and their good correspondence with the presented intrinsic friction analysis , the importance of angular and torsional intramolecular motions are particularly emphasized for nanotechnological applications.

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“…Their low cost, ease and simplicity of manufacture and processing, low weight as well as the attractive look they furnish to any surface have amplified their use [1][2][3][4][5]. Abrasion and scratching are by and large the cause of the loss of their optical and tribological performances [6][7][8][9]. The surfaces of polymeric materials are predominantly sensitive to scratches, which obstruct their use for high performance optical devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study of the effect of PEG and Crodamide on the scratch resistance of PMMA

Muhammad¹,

Gauthier²,

Gérard³

et al. 2010

Tribology and Design

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Scratch durability of polymer surfaces and coatings is becoming crucial for the growing use of these materials in innovative applications, replacing former materials with more resistant surfaces. A variety of physico-chemical processes such as annealing and a range of ion plantation techniques have been proved very valuable for the renovation of polymeric surfaces but their applications are restricted to some certain polymers due to a number of disadvantages. In particular, several of them can not be applied to translucent polymers like PMMA due to their darkening outcome. Enhancement of the scratch resistance must be investigated for the most part as a consequence due to decreasing the friction coefficient. The recovery increases if the tip is smooth or if the local friction coefficient is low. Discovery of appropriate plasticizers for different polymers to decrease their surface friction is yet to be made in order to improve their scratch resistance.The effect of PEG and crodamide on both surface properties and bulk mechanical properties of PMMA was studied over a wide range of temperature (ranging from -40 to +85°C). Our experimental results show that a decrease in friction coefficient is possible by the introduction of appropriate plasticizer without having a significant effect on its bulk behaviour and this decrease in friction depends upon the nature and the content of plasticizer. Moreover, fatty acid amides have been proved more effective in decreasing friction than PEG. The friction decreases directly with the percentage of crodamide. The values of the rear contact angle and in-situ photographs during scratching confirm that the decrease in friction is associated with the decrease of yielding of the contact between the tip and the polymer surface.

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An experimental study of the nano-scratch behaviour of poly(methyl methacrylate)

Cited by 70 publications

References 9 publications

Probing Macromolecular Dynamics and the Influence of Finite Size Effects

Probing Macromolecular Dynamics and the Influence of Finite Size Effects

Molecular Mobility and Confined Plasticity in NEMS Applications

Comparative study of the effect of PEG and Crodamide on the scratch resistance of PMMA

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