An experimental study of video conferencing over the Internet

Real-Time Multimedia Synchronization based on Delay Offset and Playout Rate Adjustment

“…Most existing works on the real-time synchronization including IETF's RTP (Realtime Transport Protocol) [5], USC's playout rate adjustment [14], Ottawa University's SRTDD (Simultaneous Real Time Data Delivery) [15,16], and BBN (Bolt and Newman Inc.)'s FSP (Flow Synchronization Protocol) [17], adopted the adaptive synchronization by receiver. The basic concept of this method is that the receiver is allowed to adjust the current synchronization condition(s), for example, the delay offset, based on the measurement of the synchronization status, at every synchronization interval.…”

“…In this situation, the discontinuity occurs at every synchronization interval, making media quality unacceptable. Figure 3 shows how the playout rate adjustment proposed by Soman and Singh [14] works. Periodically, the playout rate at the receiver is adjusted for the packets received during the previous period.…”