An experimental test of the role of predators in the maintenance of a genetically based polymorphism

Calsbeek, Ryan; Cox, Robert M.

doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02589.x

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…Specifically, they suggested that heterogeneity in habitat use among females may explain why that sex is more polymorphic (Stamps & Gon, 1983). Previous work has shown that females differing in dorsal pattern occur at different perch heights (Steffen, 2010;Cox & Calsbeek, 2011;Paemelaere et al, 2011b;Calsbeek & Cox, 2012), but at least in A. sagrei and A. humilis, morphs experience similar mortality rates (Cox & Calsbeek, 2011;Paemelaere et al, 2011b;Calsbeek & Cox, 2012). In our study, we found that in 16 of 36 species studied, females were significantly more polymorphic than males.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Evolution of dorsal pattern variation in Greater AntilleanAnolislizards

Medina

Losos

Mahler

2016

Biol. J. Linn. Soc.

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Dorsal patterning in animals can serve as an antipredator defence and may be involved in sexual selection, and is thus likely to be the target of multiple selective forces. Intraspecific variation in dorsal patterning is not rare, but the reasons behind it are poorly understood. Anolis lizards offer an ideal system to test for a role of ecological factors in driving variation in dorsal pattern. Anoles show a high degree of variation in dorsal pattern not only among species, but also between and within sexes. We use a comparative framework to explore whether ecological variables such as habitat use and perch height can explain the evolution of sexual dimorphism in dorsal pattern and the presence of female pattern polymorphism (FPP) in 36 Greater Antillean Anolis species. We provide evidence that anoles that perch closer to the ground are more likely to exhibit sexual dimorphism in dorsal pattern, and we suggest that habitat-use differences between sexes in ground-affiliated ecomorphs may drive the evolution of dorsal pattern dimorphism. In contrast, the ecological variables we investigated cannot explain the presence of FPP. Our results demonstrate that niche-associated diversification can generate phenotypic diversity within as well as among species, but the factors responsible for intrasexual polymorphism in some anole species remain cryptic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Evolution of dorsal pattern variation in Greater AntilleanAnolislizards

Medina

Losos

Mahler

2016

Biol. J. Linn. Soc.

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“…Five others are located on small (500–1600 m 2 ) cays offshore from Georgetown, Great Exuma. Details on these populations and analyses of natural selection on various phenotypic traits are reported in a series of previous papers (Calsbeek & Irschick ; Calsbeek & Smith , ; Calsbeek , ; Calsbeek & Bonneaud ; Calsbeek, Bonneaud & Smith ; Calsbeek, Bonvini & Cox ; Calsbeek & Cox , ; Cox & Calsbeek ,b, ). The present study synthesizes a decade of mark–recapture data from these populations to compile 22 replicates of selection on males and 19 replicates of selection on females.…”

Section: Materials Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of the fattest? Indices of body condition do not predict viability in the brown anole (Anolis sagrei)

Cox

Calsbeek

2014

Functional Ecology

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Summary 1.Measures of body mass and length are commonly used to derive indices of condition, which are often assumed to reflect the energetic state of an animal and, by extension, to predict its fitness. However, the relationship between condition and fitness is rarely quantified, and the appropriate method(s) for deriving indices of condition are frequently debated. 2. Data from a decade of mark-recapture studies involving over 4,600 individual lizards (Anolis sagrei) and 41 replicates of selection across seven populations were used to test the common assumption that condition, as estimated from body mass and length, is a strong predictor of adult survival, an important component of fitness. Inferences about natural selection were compared between two alternative indices of condition: the popular residual index (R i ), and the scaled mass index (M i ), which was recently proposed as a more appropriate method. 3. Linear, quadratic and correlational selection gradients obtained using R i and M i were highly correlated with one another. Relative to variance in selection among replicates and to error associated with the estimation of selection gradients, variance due to the use of alternative condition indices was minor and effectively negligible. 4. Contrary to the intuitive prediction that individuals in better condition should exhibit higher survival, there was no evidence for strong or consistent linear (directional) selection for higher condition indices in either males or females. Significant quadratic (stabilizing or disruptive) selection on condition was similarly rare in both sexes. Correlational selection favoured combinations of large size and high condition in males, but not females. 5. Collectively, these results indicate that inferences about natural selection may be robust to the choice between indices of condition but that indices of condition can be unreliable as proxies for fitness, particularly when relationships between fitness components and condition are contingent upon interactions with other traits.

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“…In this context, polymorphisms can be transient (one morph has a selective advantage), balanced (the morphs are at a stable equilibrium), or dynamic (the morphs have frequency dependent selective advantage). The coexistence of morphs can be made possible by several mechanisms, such as temporal variation in the form of selection (Calsbeek, Bonvini and Cox, 2010), negative frequency-dependent selection (Sinervo and Lively, 1996;Andrés, Sánchez-Guillen and Cordero Rivera, 2002), apostatic selection (Franks and Oxford, 2011;Calsbeek and Cox, 2012), correlational selection (Brodie, 1992;Lancaster et al, 2007), hétérozygote advantage (Penn and Potts, 1999), or morph specific habitat selection (Hedrick, 1993;Chunco, McKinnon and Servedio, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exceptionally wellstudied cases include the rock-paper-scissor game of frequency-dependent selection in Uta stansburiana (Sinervo and Lively, 1996) and in Lacerta vivipara (Vercken et al, 2007), the temporal fiuctuations in selection imposed by predators in Anolis sagrei (Calsbeek, Bonvini and Cox, 2010;Calsbeek and Cox, 2012), as well as the intersexual differences in prédation pressures in Lampropholis delicata (Forsman and Shine, 1995). Colour polymorphism can also be related to immunocompetence and ectoparasite load in lizards, as was demonstrated in Podareis melisellensis (Huyghe et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of throat colour variation in Quedenfeldtia trachyblepharus, a high-altitude gecko endemic to the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco

et al. 2013

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bstract. The persistence of marked phenotypic variation within species is evolutionarily puzzling. We uncovered remarkable variation in throat colouration in a high-altitude gecko (Atlas Day Gecko, Quedenfeldtia trachyblepharus) endemic to the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco. Orange, yellow, and white variants were found in approximately equal proportions in both sexes, and in juveniles and adults. The colour variants did not differ in body size or in body condition, but there was some indication that orange males have relatively longer jaws than white or yellow males. The number of mites harboured by an individual was not a function of its sex or of its throat colouration, but larger lizards did harbour more mites. Our data do not support the hypotheses that throat colour variation is due to selection pressures differing between the sexes or through ontogeny, or signals immunocompetence, but offer some support for the hypothesis that throat colour variation signals dominance. Euture investigations on the evolution of throat colour variation in this species should use spectrophotometry to obtain finer colour classification and incorporate measures of fitness.

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An experimental test of the role of predators in the maintenance of a genetically based polymorphism

Cited by 16 publications

References 82 publications

Evolution of dorsal pattern variation in Greater AntilleanAnolislizards

Evolution of dorsal pattern variation in Greater AntilleanAnolislizards

Survival of the fattest? Indices of body condition do not predict viability in the brown anole (Anolis sagrei)

Patterns of throat colour variation in Quedenfeldtia trachyblepharus, a high-altitude gecko endemic to the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco

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