An Expert Gamification System for Virtual and Cross-Cultural Software Teams

Abstract

Gamification is the concept of applying game elements in non-game context platforms to motivate people to participate in planned activities to achieve goals. Gamification has been applied to academic fields including software engineering (SE) in recent years. Many gamification implementations in SE have been ad hoc and lacked standardized guidelines. This paper introduces a new concept of building an expert gamification system (EGS) to provide guidelines for the implementation of gamification for virtual and cross cultural software teams (VCCST). The system will extend the core of a regular expert system to include gamification tools, a supplementary database, and an expert knowledge source. The cross-cultural data for the EGS contains the Hofstede's cultural dimensions (HCD).As more and more VCCST are formed in recent years, many issues have been raised in those teams stemming from miscommunication and cultural conflicts. This paper uses the EGS to help resolve the issues in VCCST.

Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, attenuation of aminoglycoside resistance in MRSA, and ribosomal A-site binding of pyrene-neomycin conjugates

“…The aminosugars bind tightly to the A-site 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) with high affinity and cause translational errors resulting in ultimate cell death in bacteria. [3][4] A-form nucleic acid structures, as adopted by the RNA, exhibit deep and narrow major grooves, which has been shown to be the ideal structural motif for binding of aminoglycosides. [5][6][7][8][9] Aminosugars can even bind DNA oligonucleotide duplexes such as 5'G 4 C 4 -3'DNA that has A-form characteristics, with a sub-micromolar binding affinities (K a~1 0 6 -10 7 M −1 ), 10 much higher binding affinity than for predominantly B-form, AT-rich sequences.…”