An explanation of radio propagation at 16 kc/sec in terms of two layers below E layer

Bracewell, R. N.; Bain, W.C.

doi:10.1016/0021-9169(52)90032-9

Cited by 50 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Two separate layers in the D region were suggested by Bracewell and Bain (1952) to explain differences in VLF ph~se measurements made over 90-and 535-km propagatiOn paths. They suggested that the signals propagated over the 90-km path penetrated the lower layer a!ld that the more oblique signals were reflected from it.…”

Section: Interpretation Of the Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

Oblique Incidence Ionospheric Reflections of 100 kHz Pulses

Doherty¹

1967

Radio Science

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The results of a 16-month study of the phase and amplitude variations of 100-kHz Loran-C pulse signals between Attu and Sitkinak in the Aleutian Islands are presented. The data show changes in sig~al amplitude which occur at the same solar zenith angle throughout the year and phase changes which do not occur at the same solar zenith angle throughout the year. Signal amplitudes averaged 15 ~ higher during the night than during the day. The sliape of the measured diurnal phase and amplitude changes suppprts a two-layer formation of the. lower ionosphere, the lower layer primarily influencing the signal amplitude, and the other primarily influencing the signal phase. The data suggest that an amplitude change occurs at a solar zenith angle of 100°. This effect occurs while the sun's rays reaching the ionosphere are still penetrating the ozone layer.

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Section: Interpretation Of the Datamentioning

confidence: 96%

Oblique Incidence Ionospheric Reflections of 100 kHz Pulses

Doherty¹

1967

Radio Science

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“…The most signiÿcant changes are observed in electron concentration, where total electron concentration in the ionosphere increases by an order of magnitude or more at sunrise in about 1 h (Titheridge, 1973). Heights of the lower layers (D and C) of the ionosphere, which have greater in uence on ELF propagation, rapidly decrease at sunrise (Bracewell and Bain, 1952). During sunset the opposite changes occur in the ionosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Influence of solar terminator passages on Schumann resonance parameters

Melnikov

Price

Sátori

et al. 2004

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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“…As can be seen from figure 8, Bracewell's interpretation of the phenomenon [Bracewell and Bain, 1952] assuming two different D layers seems to be unnecessary. At tbe oblique incidence (cos s< 0,3), it is seen that A O¢ r"," constant.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diurnal phase variation of VLF waves at medium distances

Volland¹

1964

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. D. RAD. SCI.

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Methods of phase measurements at VLF are briefly described. So me r es u lts of diurnal phase m eas urements, sunrise elfects, and s olar flare effects at medium di stances and northern geographical latitud es are s ummarized. Two inhomogeneous and a nisotropic mod els are used for the interpre tation of the measurements : th e fir st correspondin g to the daytim e ionospher e and the second co rresponding to the nighttime ionospher e. Tile models are r elated to homogeneous models with s harp boundari es and effecti ve param eters of condueti vity, dielectri c con ta nt, and equivalent h eight. Th e diurnal phase lag, dependin g on distance, and the sunrise e ffects at 1000 km and 2000 km are interpreted by these models. Two critica l distanecs exist wher e the nighttim.e phase gain s a phase advantage of 360 degrees r elative to t he d ay t ime phase. An electron pro fil e of the daytime lower ionospher e is deduced from m eas ured daytime variati ons of equ ivalent height. The st ren gth of ionizin g s olar r a diation duri ng a solar flar e and th e e ffective attac hme nt coefficient of t he lower ionosphere are d eri ved fr o m mea sured vari ations of the equivalent h eight durin g a solar flare.

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An explanation of radio propagation at 16 kc/sec in terms of two layers below E layer

Cited by 50 publications

References 5 publications

Oblique Incidence Ionospheric Reflections of 100 kHz Pulses

Oblique Incidence Ionospheric Reflections of 100 kHz Pulses

Influence of solar terminator passages on Schumann resonance parameters

Diurnal phase variation of VLF waves at medium distances

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