Mathematical knowledge management (MKM) is an emerging interdisciplinary field of research in the intersection of mathematics, computer science, library science, and scientific publishing. Its main objective is to develop new and better ways of managing mathematical knowledge using sophisticated software tools. Two other important aims are to obtain a better understanding of the nature of mathematical knowledge and to investigate new modes of consuming and producing mathematical knowledge. The MKM conferences bring together mathematicians, software developers, users of mathematics, librarians, publishers, and educators who are interested in advancing the management of mathematical knowledge.MKM 2006 received 22 submissions. Of these, 20 were reviewed by three Program Committee members or external reviewers and two were reviewed by two.