An exploration of contextual factors that influence HIV risk in female sex workers in Mexico: The Social Ecological Model applied to HIV risk behaviors

Larios, Sandra E.; Lozada, Remedios; Strathdee, Steffanie A.; Semple, Shirley J.; Roesch, Scott C.; Staines, Hugo; Orozovich, Prisci; Fraga, Miguel; Amaro, Hortensia; Torre, Adela de la; Magis-Rodríguez, Carlos; Patterson, Thomas L.

doi:10.1080/09540120902803190

Cited by 78 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…information and communication technologies (Muturi, 2005;Van Donk, 2006), all of which are likely to lead to variations in HIV=AIDS-related outcomes. Health promotion programs have long recognized the importance of socioecological factors (McLeroy, Bibeau, Steckler, & Glanz, 1988) and have considered them vital to the design of prevention interventions including those that address HIV=AIDS (Larios et al, 2009). Given this, it is logical to anticipate urban-rural differences in attitudes, perceived norms, and self-efficacy beliefs related to HIV testing that might lead to variations in intention to be tested for the infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to HIV/AIDS-Related Media Content and HIV Testing Intention: Applying the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction

Bekalu

Eggermont

2014

Mass Communication and Society

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Despite considerable evidence of an association between mass communication efforts and HIV testing behavior, the mechanisms through which this association may be established have been less extensively studied. Drawing on the integrative model of behavioral prediction, this study assessed the relationship between exposure to HIV=AIDS-related media content, individual intention to be tested for HIV, and the psychosocial variables mediating the relationship among 986 urban and rural residents of northwest Ethiopia. Structural equation modeling revealed that the relationship between exposure to HIV=AIDS-related media content and HIV testing intention was partially mediated by the three psychosocial variables associated with the integrative model (attitude, normative, and self-efficacy beliefs). However, whereas exposure to HIV=AIDS media content was found to be associated most substantially with attitudes toward HIV testing, intention to be tested was found mainly to be influenced by normative beliefs, which suggests that there is a possible mismatch between mass media programming and the prevailing psychosocial processes within the study Mesfin Awoke Bekalu (Ph.D., KU Leuven, 2014) is a postdoctoral fellow in the School for Mass Communication Research at KU Leuven. His research interests include health communication and mass media campaigns.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to HIV/AIDS-Related Media Content and HIV Testing Intention: Applying the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction

Bekalu

Eggermont

2014

Mass Communication and Society

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“…In Tijuana, street-based workers are marginalized to a greater extent and are more likely to experience police harassment, exploitation, and abuse, placing them at increased risk for unsafe sex and increased drug activity. 9,10 The effect of geography on HIV/STI risk likely reflects macrolevel factors that hinder working in safer sex work environments. For example, one study concluded that Canadian FSWs spatially displaced to side streets experienced decreased access to preventive services and harm reduction resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Geography on HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Tijuana’s Red Light District

et al. 2012

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“…Table 1 shows the baseline demographic, socioeconomic, and working conditions of the 410 FSWs. The median age was 32 (interquartile range [IQR]: [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38], and most women were migrants to Baja California (78%). Less than one-fifth were married (19%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current registration system may be excluding sex workers who operate outside of a specific venue, and thus the MHD may not be reaching women at highest risk for HIV and STIs. Because street-based FSWs are more likely to be infected with HIV and STIs and to use drugs, 37 efforts are needed to reach out to these women, who may fear they will be denied registration if they test HIV-positive. Since our study was conducted, a mobile HIV-prevention campaign has been initiated in Tijuana, representing a partnership between a local nongovernmental organization and the municipal, state, and federal governments.…”

Section: Factors Independently Associated With Fsw Registrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Registered and Unregistered Female Sex Workers in Tijuana, Mexico

Sirotin

Strathdee

Lozada³

et al. 2010

Public Health Rep

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Objective. Sex work is regulated in Tijuana, Mexico, but only half of the city's female sex workers (FSWs) are registered with the municipal health department, which requires regular screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We examined correlates of registration to determine if it confers measurable health benefits. Methods. From 2004 to 2006, we interviewed FSWs in Tijuana ≥18 years of age who reported recent unprotected sex with at least one client and were not knowingly HIV-positive, and tested them for HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. Logistic regression identified factors associated with registration. Results. Of 410 FSWs, 44% were registered, 69% had been tested for HIV, 6% were HIV-positive, and 44% tested positive for any STI. Compared with unregistered FSWs, registered FSWs were more likely to have had HIV testing (86% vs. 56%, p<0.001) and less likely to test positive for any STI (33% vs. 53%, p<0.001) or HIV (3% vs. 8%, p=0.039). Factors independently associated with registration included ever having an HIV test (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 5 4.19) and earning >$30 per transaction without a condom (AOR52.41), whereas working on the street (AOR50.34), injecting cocaine (AOR50.06), snorting or smoking methamphetamine (AOR50.27), and being born in the Mexican state of Baja California (AOR50.35) were inversely associated with registration. Conclusion. Registered FSWs were more likely than unregistered FSWs to have had HIV testing and to engage in less drug use, but did not have significantly lower HIV or STI prevalence after adjusting for confounders. Current regulation of FSWs in Tijuana should be further examined to enhance the potential public health benefits of registration.

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An exploration of contextual factors that influence HIV risk in female sex workers in Mexico: The Social Ecological Model applied to HIV risk behaviors

Cited by 78 publications

References 36 publications

Exposure to HIV/AIDS-Related Media Content and HIV Testing Intention: Applying the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction

Exposure to HIV/AIDS-Related Media Content and HIV Testing Intention: Applying the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction

The Effect of Geography on HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Tijuana’s Red Light District

A Comparison of Registered and Unregistered Female Sex Workers in Tijuana, Mexico

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