An exploration of economic reasoning in hoarding disorder patients

Tolin, David F.; Villavicencio, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.09.005

Cited by 19 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Lawrence et al (Lawrence et al, 2006) found evidence of a “link between hoarding and [increased] risky behavior on the IGT,” while the OCD group did not differ from controls. In contrast, neither Grisham et al (2007), nor Tolin and Villavicencio (2011) found that hoarding participants differed from controls on the IGT (Grisham et al, 2007; Tolin and Villavicencio, 2011). A large study by Mackin and colleagues found no differences between HD, OCD, or age matched controls on the IGT (Mackin et al, forthcoming).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Examining attitudes towards risk may be particularly fruitful in disorders hypothesized to be characterized by impulsivity, such as substance use disorders (SUD), as well as in those commonly regarded as excessively risk averse, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and hoarding disorder (HD). Current models of OCD and HD assert that both disorders involve impaired decision making (Cavedini et al, 2002; Grisham et al, 2010; Tolin and Villavicencio, 2011; Woody et al, 2014), and it has been suggested that abnormal attitudes towards uncertainty play a fundamental role in both (Admon et al, 2012; Grisham et al, 2010; Starcke et al, 2010; Zhang et al, 2015). In particular, the most prominent models of OCD and HD implicate excessive risk aversion and intolerance of uncertainty (Pushkarskaya et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A model-based analysis of decision making under risk in obsessive-compulsive and hoarding disorders

Aranovich

Cavagnaro

Pitt

et al. 2017

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Attitudes towards risk are highly consequential in clinical disorders thought to be prone to “risky behavior”, such as substance dependence, as well as those commonly associated with excessive risk aversion, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and hoarding disorder (HD). Moreover, it has recently been suggested that attitudes towards risk may serve as a behavioral biomarker for OCD. We investigated the risk preferences of participants with OCD and HD using a novel adaptive task and a quantitative model from behavioral economics that decomposes risk preferences into outcome sensitivity and probability sensitivity. Contrary to expectation, compared to healthy controls, participants with OCD and HD exhibited less outcome sensitivity, implying less risk aversion in the standard economic framework. In addition, risk attitudes were strongly correlated with depression, hoarding, and compulsion scores, while compulsion (hoarding) scores were associated with more (less) “rational” risk preferences. These results demonstrate how fundamental attitudes towards risk relate to specific psychopathology and thereby contribute to our understanding of the cognitive manifestations of mental disorders. In addition, our findings indicate that the conclusion made in recent work that decision making under risk is unaltered in OCD is premature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model-based analysis of decision making under risk in obsessive-compulsive and hoarding disorders

Aranovich

Cavagnaro

Pitt

et al. 2017

Journal of Psychiatric Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, Blom, Samuels, Grados, and Chen (2011) reported that HD participants performed better than OCD participants on the IGT, by learning faster and obtaining a greater overall net score. Tolin and Villavicencio (2011) found no difference between individuals with HD, non-hoarding OCD, and normal controls on the IGT, while Grisham et al (2007) found that HD participants had similar performance on the IGT compared to the non-hoarding OCD participants.…”

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confidence: 86%

Neurocognitive performance in unmedicated patients with hoarding disorder.

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et al. 2016

Neuropsychology

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Objective Hoarding disorder (HD) is an often incapacitating psychiatric illness associated with a wide range of neurocognitive abnormalities. Some prior neuropsychological studies have found executive dysfunction in HD, but no clear pattern has emerged. One potential reason for discrepant results in previous studies might be the inclusion of patients on psychotropic and other medications that can affect neurocognitive performance. Therefore, we examined neurocognitive functioning in medication-free HD patients. We also added a novel investigation of implicit learning, which has been found to be abnormal in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders. Method 26 participants meeting DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for HD and 23 normal controls were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests and symptom rating scales. All participants were free of psychotropic medications for at least six weeks prior to the study. Results HD participants showed no significant differences from normal controls on measures of verbal memory, attention, or executive functioning, including response inhibition, planning, organization, and decision-making. However, HD participants demonstrated a trend toward less implicit learning and greater use of explicit learning strategies during perceptual categorization, compared to normal controls. HD participants who used an implicit strategy performed significantly worse than controls who used an implicit strategy. Hoarding symptom severity was not associated with neurocognitive performance. Conclusions HD patients may have a tendency to use explicit rather than implicit learning strategies for perceptual categorization but perform as well as normal controls on many other neurocognitive measures. Future studies should assess unmedicated participants and examine test strategies, not just outcomes.

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“…The neurocognitive studies that do exist support the concept that executive dysfunction is a prominent feature of HD, although the data in specific cognitive domains (e.g., decision making, attention, etc.) are somewhat inconsistent …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies of executive function in HD have examined only one or a few cognitive domains (typically categorization, decision making, and speed of information processing) . In addition to the use of different cognitive measures across studies, even within the same cognitive domain, the subject populations (individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and hoarding symptoms, and individuals with HD with or without OCD) also vary between studies, which could contribute to the inconsistency of findings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Clinically Significant Cognitive Impairment in Hoarding Disorder

et al. 2015

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OBJECTIVES The cognitive characteristics of individuals with Hoarding Disorder (HD) are not well understood. Existing studies are relatively few and somewhat inconsistent but suggest that individuals with HD may have specific dysfunction in the cognitive domains of categorization, speed of information processing, and decision-making. However, there have been no studies evaluating the degree to which cognitive dysfunction in these domains reflects clinically significant cognitive impairment (CI). METHODS Participants included 78 individuals who met DSM-V criteria for HD and 70 age- and education-matched controls. Cognitive performance on measures of memory, attention, information processing speed, abstract reasoning, visuospatial processing, decision-making, and categorization ability was evaluated for each participant. Rates of clinical impairment for each measure were compared, as were age and education corrected raw scores for each cognitive test. RESULTS HD participants showed greater incidence of CI on measures of visual memory, visual detection, and visual categorization relative to controls. Raw score comparisons between groups showed similar results with HD participants showing lower raw score performance on each of these measures. In addition, in raw score comparisons HD participants also demonstrated relative strengths compared to control participants on measures of verbal and visual abstract reasoning. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HD is associated with a pattern of clinically significant CI in some visually mediated neurocognitive processes including visual memory, visual detection, and visual categorization. Additionally these results suggest HD individuals may also exhibit relative strengths, perhaps compensatory, in abstract reasoning in both verbal and visual domains.

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An exploration of economic reasoning in hoarding disorder patients

Cited by 19 publications

References 56 publications

A model-based analysis of decision making under risk in obsessive-compulsive and hoarding disorders

A model-based analysis of decision making under risk in obsessive-compulsive and hoarding disorders

Neurocognitive performance in unmedicated patients with hoarding disorder.

Patterns of Clinically Significant Cognitive Impairment in Hoarding Disorder

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