An Exploratory Analysis of the Smoking and Physical Activity Outcomes From a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of an Exercise Assisted Reduction to Stop Smoking Intervention in Disadvantaged Groups

Thompson, Tom P; Greaves, Colin; Ayres, Richard; Aveyard, Paul; Warren, Fiona C; Byng, Richard; Taylor, Rod S; Campbell, John; Ussher, Michael; Green, Colin; Michie, Susan; West, Robert; Taylor, Adrian

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv099

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In the mActive-Smoke study, no meaningful longitudinal changes were observed in PA or smoking urges, although daily cigarette consumption decreased by approximately 3 cigarettes per day between baseline and follow-up ( P <.001). Given that this study was not focused on smoking reduction or cessation, these findings support the notion that greater self-awareness may lead to changes in smoking [ 9 , 11 ]. Taken together, this evidence suggests integration of mHealth devices in future smoking cessation and harm reduction trials in an effort to improve participant engagement and achieve desired behavioral outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…These findings strengthen the evidence behind self-monitoring and awareness on behavior change. Taylor et al [ 11 ] showed that the self-monitoring of smoking and PA behaviors led to reductions in smoking, which were determined to be independent of increases in PA [ 9 ]. In the mActive-Smoke study, no meaningful longitudinal changes were observed in PA or smoking urges, although daily cigarette consumption decreased by approximately 3 cigarettes per day between baseline and follow-up ( P <.001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical activity (PA) has been proposed as an aid for smoking cessation [ 8 ] and as a means for harm reduction among smokers who do not wish to quit [ 9 ]. A 2014 review that examined 20 trials assessing exercise as an aid for smoking cessation found the evidence for such a recommendation to be insufficient [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A 2014 pilot randomized trial—Exercise Assisted Reduction then Stop (EARS)—found that PA coupled with support for smoking reduction was effective in promoting reduction and cessation among smokers who did not wish to quit immediately [ 11 ]. A subsequent study examining data from the EARS trial provided further evidence for the role of PA on smoking reduction but did not find that this association was related to an increase in PA [ 9 ]. Rather, evidence suggests that the act of self-monitoring PA [ 12 ] and smoking behaviors may improve self-regulation [ 13 ] and thus decrease smoking [ 14 ] and likelihood of relapse [ 15 ] by reinforcing the notion of PA as an aid for smoking reduction [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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mActive-Smoke: A Prospective Observational Study Using Mobile Health Tools to Assess the Association of Physical Activity With Smoking Urges

Silverman-Lloyd

Kianoush

Blaha

et al. 2018

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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BackgroundEvidence that physical activity can curb smoking urges is limited in scope to acute effects and largely reliant on retrospective self-reported measures. Mobile health technologies offer novel mechanisms for capturing real-time data of behaviors in the natural environment.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore this in a real-world longitudinal setting by leveraging mobile health tools to assess the association between objectively measured physical activity and concurrent smoking urges in a 12-week prospective observational study.MethodsWe enrolled 60 active smokers (≥3 cigarettes per day) and recorded baseline demographics, physical activity, and smoking behaviors using a Web-based questionnaire. Step counts were measured continuously using the Fitbit Charge HR. Participants reported instantaneous smoking urges via text message using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 9. On study completion, participants reported follow-up smoking behaviors in an online exit survey.ResultsA total of 53 participants (aged 40 [SD 12] years, 57% [30/53] women, 49% [26/53] nonwhite) recorded at least 6 weeks of data and were thus included in the analysis. We recorded 15,365 urge messages throughout the study, with a mean of 290 (SD 62) messages per participant. Mean urge over the course of the study was positively associated with daily cigarette consumption at follow-up (Pearson r=.33; P=.02). No association existed between daily steps and mean daily urge (beta=−6.95×10−3 per 1000 steps; P=.30). Regression models of acute effects, however, did reveal modest inverse associations between steps within 30-, 60-, and 120-min time windows of a reported urge (beta=−.0191 per 100 steps, P<.001). Moreover, 6 individuals (approximately 10% of the study population) exhibited a stronger and consistent inverse association between steps and urge at both the day level (mean individualized beta=−.153 per 1000 steps) and 30-min level (mean individualized beta=−1.66 per 1000 steps).ConclusionsAlthough there was no association between objectively measured daily physical activity and concurrently self-reported smoking urges, there was a modest inverse relationship between recent step counts (30-120 min) and urge. Approximately 10% of the individuals appeared to have a stronger and consistent inverse association between physical activity and urge, a provocative finding warranting further study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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mActive-Smoke: A Prospective Observational Study Using Mobile Health Tools to Assess the Association of Physical Activity With Smoking Urges

Silverman-Lloyd

Kianoush

Blaha

et al. 2018

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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“…So konnten Interventionen mit Kontingenzmanagement den Tabakkonsum kurzfristig erfolgreich reduzieren, langfristig zeigten sich jedoch keine Unterschiede zwischen Interventions-und Kontrollgruppen [13,27,29]. Kurzberatungen wie auch motivierende Gespräche konnten den Tabakkonsum gleichermaßen reduzieren [22,15,26,21]. Als erfolgreich für eine kurz-wie auch langfristige Reduktion erwies sich insbesondere eine Selbsthilfemaßnahme mittels Smartphone [30].…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Wirksamkeit psychologischer Interventionen zur Reduktion des Tabakkonsums

2018

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ZusammenfassungDie Mehrheit der Raucher in Deutschland hat eine geringe Aufhörmotivation. Als Alternative zur Tabakabstinenz kann der Tabakkonsum reduziert werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen systematischen Überblick über den aktuellen Forschungsstand zur Wirksamkeit psychologischer Interventionen zur Reduktion des Tabakkonsums. Es wird gezeigt, dass psychologische Interventionen trotz heterogener Befunde den Tabakkonsum stichprobenübergreifend sowohl kurz- als auch langfristig reduzieren können. Vielversprechende Ergebnisse lieferten u. a. Interventionen mit Kurzberatungen und motivierenden Gesprächen.

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