An exploratory analysis of the spatial variation of malaria cases and associated household socio-economic factors in flood-prone areas of Mbire district, Zimbabwe

Manyangadze, Tawanda; Mavhura, Emmanuel; Mudavanhu, Chipo; Pedzisai, Ezra

doi:10.1007/s10708-021-10505-3

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The spikes in people affected by epidemics particularly in 1996 and 2008 were catastrophic resulting in unprecedented suffering [51,69]. The spikes were expected because of the deteriorating socio-economic conditions during those years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Progress in Reducing the Number of Disaster-affected People: Insights from Zimbabwe

Mavhura

2023

Glob. J. Earth Sci. Eng.

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In 2015, 187 countries appended their signatures to the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. This framework has seven global targets which need to be monitored both at national and global levels. In order to promote the monitoring and reporting on progress in attaining the global targets, the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction provided some technical guidance notes and methodologies. Using the case study of Zimbabwe, this study used the technical guidance notes and methodologies to assess the country’s progress in reducing the number of people affected by disasters. Quantitative data for this assessment came from public sources published by the Government of Zimbabwe spanning the period 1990 to 2019. This data was analysed using 3-year and 5-year moving averages. In addition, the study used qualitative interviews to explain the trends in the number of people affected by disasters. Results showed slight decreases in the number of people affected by both aggregated and disaggregated disasters. Drought disasters emerged as the only one that affected millions of people yearly. However, storms and epidemics were sporadic and characterised by big spikes. The study concluded that Zimbabwe is slowly attaining Target B. The study further offered three policy implications that are meant to significantly reduce the number of people affected by disasters. This includes the need to strengthen drought preparedness/mitigation, and disease surveillance and control systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Progress in Reducing the Number of Disaster-affected People: Insights from Zimbabwe

Mavhura

2023

Glob. J. Earth Sci. Eng.

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“…Twenty of the included studies were observational and were assessed for the risk of bias using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Exposure (RoBINS-E) Tool [21]. Five of the studies had a serious risk of bias arising from recall bias due to prolonged periods assessed [28,29], risk of selection bias [30] and confounding due to the use of unadjusted odds ratios in the studies [31,32]. Ten included studies had moderate concerns, mainly arising from residual confounding in cross-sectional and case-control studies, even after multivariate regression adjustment.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Improved Housing on Malaria Transmission in Different Endemic Zones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nawa,

Adetokunboh

2023

Preprint

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IntroductionImproved housing has been shown to reduce the risk of malaria infections compared to traditional houses; however, it is unclear if the effects differ in different malaria transmission settings. This study evaluated the effects of improved housing on malaria transmission among different endemic areas.Methods and AnalysisElectronic databases, clinical trial registries and grey literature were searched for randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional surveys on housing done between 1987 and 2022. Forest plots were done, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Development and Evaluation Framework.FindingsTwenty-two studies were included; twelve were cross-sectional, four were case-control, four were cohort studies and two were RCTs. RCTs indicated that modern houses did not protect against malaria compared to traditional houses. Cohort studies showed an adjusted risk ratio of 0.68 (95% CI 0.48 – 0.96) and Cross-sectional studies indicated an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 0.47 (95% CI 0.31 – 0.72). By endemic transmission regions, the adjusted odds ratio in the high endemic was 0.43 (95% CI 0.29 – 0.63); in the moderate transmission regions, aOR = 0.91 (95% CI 0.91 – 1.07) and in the low transmission settings, aOR = 0.42 (95% CI 0.26 – 0.66).ConclusionThe evidence from observational studies suggests that the risk reduction associated with modern housing is comparable or higher in low malaria transmission settings compared to high transmission settings. Evidence from RCTs in high-transmission settings shows that house improvements may induce risky behaviours such as staying outside for longer hours.Key MessagesIt is known that improved housing reduces the risk of malaria compared to traditional housing; however, the effects of improved housing in different endemic settings are unclear.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a systematic review and meta-analysis has stratified the effect measures of improved housing on malaria transmission in different transmission settings.Our study found no literature from high-quality research designs such as RCTs and Cohort studies on improved housing in low and moderate transmission settings. We call on researchers and funders to conduct and support high-quality research designs in low and moderate-transmission areas, especially in Africa, as more countries are reducing their malaria burdens due to increased interventions. This will help to achieve and sustain malaria elimination.Piecemeal improvements, such as closing eaves, screening and iron roofing, are not necessarily associated with a reduced risk of malaria. They may induce risky behaviours due to poor ventilation and higher indoor temperatures resulting in residents staying longer outside thus exposing themselves to infective mosquito bites.

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Why do riparian communities persist in disaster-prone areas? Empirical evidence from Mbire District, Zimbabwe

Mavhura

2023

Environ Dev Sustain

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An exploratory analysis of the spatial variation of malaria cases and associated household socio-economic factors in flood-prone areas of Mbire district, Zimbabwe

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Assessing Progress in Reducing the Number of Disaster-affected People: Insights from Zimbabwe

Assessing Progress in Reducing the Number of Disaster-affected People: Insights from Zimbabwe

The Effects of Improved Housing on Malaria Transmission in Different Endemic Zones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Why do riparian communities persist in disaster-prone areas? Empirical evidence from Mbire District, Zimbabwe

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