An Exploratory Assessment of Risk and Resilience in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

Ward, Rachel; Hargaden, Vincent

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15398-4_7

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…To understand shortages from a global perspective, further information is needed on drug shortages in other LMICs. To facilitate this, each country could implement a centralized shortage reporting system [ 30 ]. It should be standardized and harmonized according to the best practices [ 2 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug shortages in low- and middle-income countries: Colombia as a case study

Pava

Tucker

2022

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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Background Drug shortages are a global problem. Analyzing shortages worldwide is important to identify possible relationships between drug shortages across countries, determine strategies that reduce drug shortages, and reduce the inequality in access to medicines between countries. In contrast to well-documented shortages in high-income countries, there are few studies that consider low- and middle-income economies. We evaluate drug shortages in one middle-income country, Colombia. Methods We collected data from INVIMA, the institution responsible for managing medicine shortage alerts in Colombia. We classified the data using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system and analyzed them using descriptive statistics. We considered a study period from 2015 to 2021 (vital medicines) and from 2010 to 2020 (non-vital medicines). Results In total, 173 unique ATC codes were in shortage. These included antidotes, alimentary tract and metabolism products, anesthetics, cardiac stimulants and antithrombotic agents. The major causes were manufacturing problems and few suppliers. Drug shortages substantially increased from 2020 to May 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Among resolved shortages, the average duration was 1.6 years with a standard deviation of 1.9 years. The longest, naloxone tablets, were in shortage for almost 10 years. Conclusions Drug shortages are a persistent problem in Colombia. Government institutions have made progress in implementing systems and procedures to report them. However, the approaches implemented need to be maintained and refined. This study lays the groundwork for the analysis of drug shortages in other LMICs. We highlight the necessity of addressing drug shortages in their global context and reducing the inequality in access to medicines between countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug shortages in low- and middle-income countries: Colombia as a case study

Pava

Tucker

2022

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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“…Furthermore, experience with natural disasters such as earthquakes in other countries demonstrates that one of the urgent needs is for emergency surgeries and surgical facilities such as operating rooms and anesthetics, but providing these mediations as strategic items in times of crisis is inevitable [20]. Likewise, having a central reporting system to track and to report causes and extents of lack of medications in a timely manner to guarantee better responses in times of drug shortages in crisis is essential [21]. The significance of medical supply and preparation in health system's disaster management is to the extent that "medical products, vaccines and technology" are considered as the priorities in all kinds of hazards [22] and should be mentioned before and during the crisis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iranian’s healthcare system challenges during natural disasters: the qualitative case study of Kermanshah earthquake

Mohammadpour¹,

Sadeghkhani²,

Bastani³

et al. 2020

BMC Emerg Med

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Background In order to the significance of lessons learned from the natural disasters for health care systems particularly in developing and under-developed countries, the main purpose of this study was to identify challenges and limitations in light of the earthquake experience in Kermanshah Province. Methods The present study was conducted in 2019 as a qualitative research using content analysis method. In this regard, 19 key informants were selected using snowball sampling. To enhance the accuracy of the study, the four validation criteria for qualitative studies in data coding developed by Guba and Lincoln including credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability were used. Data was analyzed applying Graneheim and Lundman (2004) approach for analyzing the qualitative content of an interview text. Results Analysis of the data led to the identification of 2 main themes, 5 sub- themes and 17 main categories. The first main theme was health system oriented challenges containing challenges of medication supply and preparation, structural challenges, challenges in crisis-scene management and challenges of service delivery and the second main theme was non-health system oriented challenges including social and psychosocial challenges. Conclusion According to the results, along with health system oriented challenges with the inter-sectoral or intra-sectoral nature, the non-health system oriented challenges the same as social, cultural and psychological factors can be considered as the major challenges of Iran’s healthcare system in the face of crises. This complicated context can shed the light to policy makers that not only attention to the medicine and medical equipment supply chain, manpower preparation and service delivery system can be considered as an emergency, but also careful attention to the structural challenges and crisis-scene management should be planned and considered as a priority. Besides, the policy makers and the local managers should try to plan and act in a contingent situation according to the social and cultural characteristics of the region and the psychological condition and the mental needs of the people.

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“…Limited studies have investigated the effect of resilience strategies in a specialised SC, such as the PSC, with a specific interest in medicine shortages. Ward and Hargaden (2019) and Tucker et al (2020) examined what resilience strategies could mitigate medicine shortages without considering their effect. Existing studies broadly categorise resilience strategies as flexibility, collaboration and velocity (J€ uttner and Maklan, 2011;Purvis et al, 2016).…”

Section: Empirical Evidence Linking Disruptions and Sc Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the impact of resilience strategies in mitigating medicine shortages in the United Kingdom's (UK) pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC)

Yaroson

Breen

Hou

et al. 2023

BIJ

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PurposeMedicine shortages have a detrimental impact on stakeholders in the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC). Existing studies suggest that building resilience strategies can mitigate the effects of these shortages. As such, this research aims to examine whether resilience strategies can reduce the impact of medicine shortages in the United Kingdom's (UK) PSC.Design/methodology/approachA sequential mixed-methods approach that involved qualitative and quantitative research enquiry was employed in this study. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews with 23 key UK PSC actors at the qualitative stage. During the quantitative phase, 106 respondents completed the survey questionnaires. The data were analysed using partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe results revealed that reactive and proactive elements of resilience strategies helped tackle medicine shortages. Reactive strategies increased relational issues such as behavioural uncertainty, whilst proactive strategies mitigated them.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that PSC managers and decision-makers can benefit from adopting structural flexibility and proactive strategies, which are cost-effective measures to tackle medicine shortages. Also engaging in strategic alliances as a proactive strategy mitigates relational issues that may arise in a complex supply chain (SC).Originality/valueThis study is the first to provide empirical evidence of the impact of resilience strategies in mitigating medicine shortages in the UK's PSC.

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An Exploratory Assessment of Risk and Resilience in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Drug shortages in low- and middle-income countries: Colombia as a case study

Drug shortages in low- and middle-income countries: Colombia as a case study

Iranian’s healthcare system challenges during natural disasters: the qualitative case study of Kermanshah earthquake

Examining the impact of resilience strategies in mitigating medicine shortages in the United Kingdom's (UK) pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC)

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