This thesis presents an in-depth analysis and innovative solutions to the challenges faced in Criminal Investigation (CI) and Emergency Management (EM), with a particular focus on interagency collaboration and data management in complex environments. The research begins by establishing the importance of effective collaboration between various agencies for efficient information management in the digital age, especially in the context of CI and EM. It highlights how the proliferation of digital content and massive data generation have transformed these fields, presenting both opportunities and significant challenges.The thesis thoroughly reviews the state of the art in these fields, identifying major limitations and opportunities for improvements. Critical aspects such as information management, Big Data (BD) technologies, rapid response in emergencies, interoperability, and collaboration between agencies, and technological challenges in complex systems are analyzed. Issues such as the management of heterogeneous data, resource scarcity and training, and challenges associated with data volume and complexity are also examined.In response to these challenges, an innovative architecture is proposed that addresses the efficiency and interoperability of current systems in crime prevention and resolution and in EM. This architecture is specifically tailored to the end-user needs of the MAGNETO and ASSISTANCE projects, efficiently integrating various software components and utilizing technologies such as RMI, SOAP, REST, and JMS. The transition to architectures based on microservices is emphasized, using an API Gateway to improve modularity and scalability.The applicability of this architecture is demonstrated in the MAGNETO and ASSISTANCE projects, where specific challenges are addressed. MAGNE-TO, focused on combating crime, integrates and analyzes data from various sources, while ASSISTANCE focuses on improving the Situational Awareness (SA) of First Responders (FR) through the integration of advanced technologies such as UAVs, robots, and virtual and augmented reality systems. Both projects demonstrate significant improvements in interagency collaboration and effectiveness in emergencies and crime fighting.