An Exploratory Study of Homeschooling in Kansas

McGraw, Jennifer; Bergen, M. Betsy; Schumm, Walter R.

doi:10.2466/pr0.1993.73.1.79

Cited by 317 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The apparent disparity between absolute and pre-synaptic zinc levels stems from the fact that about 80% of total zinc in brain is not amenable to histochemical detection (Cole et al, 1999). This “invisible” pool of zinc is found in all six classes of enzymes and in intracellular receptors, where it is normally coordinated by four to six ligands, frequently supplied by histidine and cysteine, in conserved binding motifs (Vallee and Falchuk, 1993; Auld, 2001). …”

Section: Initial Identification Of Vesicular Zinc In Synaptic Terminamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of reports have demonstrated behavioral alterations in animals fed a zinc-restricted diet for several weeks, including increased anxiety or depression, and impaired spatial memory and extinction learning (Keller et al, 2000; Takeda et al, 2007; Tassabehji et al, 2008; Whittle et al, 2010). One caveat with dietary zinc deficiency models is that they can lead to multisystemic dysfunction, particularly in peripheral tissues with rapid turnover, and compromise many zinc-dependent reactions (Vallee and Falchuk, 1993). In the hippocampus, zinc deficiency has been shown to reduce the total number of synaptic vesicles in boutons (Lu et al, 2000).…”

Section: Synaptic Zinc and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of Neuronal Signal Transduction and Memory Formation by Synaptic Zinc

Sindreu¹,

Storm²

2011

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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The physiological role of synaptic zinc has remained largely enigmatic since its initial detection in hippocampal mossy fibers over 50 years ago. The past few years have witnessed a number of studies highlighting the ability of zinc ions to regulate ion channels and intracellular signaling pathways implicated in neuroplasticity, and others that shed some light on the elusive role of synaptic zinc in learning and memory. Recent behavioral studies using knock-out mice for the synapse-specific zinc transporter ZnT-3 indicate that vesicular zinc is required for the formation of memories dependent on the hippocampus and the amygdala, two brain centers that are prominently innervated by zinc-rich fibers. A common theme emerging from this research is the activity-dependent regulation of the Erk1/2 mitogen-activated-protein kinase pathway by synaptic zinc through diverse mechanisms in neurons. Here we discuss current knowledge on how synaptic zinc may play a role in cognition through its impact on neuronal signaling.

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Section: Initial Identification Of Vesicular Zinc In Synaptic Terminamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synaptic Zinc and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Neuronal Signal Transduction and Memory Formation by Synaptic Zinc

Sindreu¹,

Storm²

2011

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Zinc deficiency is a worldwide health problem, and it is estimated that at least 25% of the population is at risk [6]. Low zinc can cause pleiotropic problems, such as abnormal morphogenesis, growth retardation, and dysfunction of the reproductive and immune systems [2,7-11]. Too much zinc accumulation is also harmful to cells and organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional studies of Drosophilazinc transporters reveal the mechanism for dietary zinc absorption and regulation

2013

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BackgroundZinc is key to the function of many proteins, but the process of dietary zinc absorption is not well clarified. Current knowledge about dietary zinc absorption is fragmented, and mostly derives from incomplete mammalian studies. To gain a comprehensive picture of this process, we systematically characterized all zinc transporters (that is, the Zip and ZnT family members) for their possible roles in dietary zinc absorption in a genetically amenable model organism, Drosophila melanogaster.ResultsA set of plasma membrane-resident zinc transporters was identified to be responsible for absorbing zinc from the lumen into the enterocyte and the subsequent exit of zinc to the circulation. dZip1 and dZip2, two functionally overlapping zinc importers, are responsible for absorbing zinc from the lumen into the enterocyte. Exit of zinc to the circulation is mediated through another two functionally overlapping zinc exporters, dZnT1, and its homolog CG5130 (dZnT77C). Somewhat surprisingly, it appears that the array of intracellular ZnT proteins, including the Golgi-resident dZnT7, is not directly involved in dietary zinc absorption. By modulating zinc status in different parts of the body, we found that regulation of dietary zinc absorption, in contrast to that of iron, is unresponsive to bodily needs or zinc status outside the gut. The zinc transporters that are involved in dietary zinc absorption, including the importers dZip1 and dZip2, and the exporter dZnT1, are respectively regulated at the RNA and protein levels by zinc in the enterocyte.ConclusionsOur study using the model organism Drosophila thus starts to reveal a comprehensive sketch of dietary zinc absorption and its regulatory control, a process that is still incompletely understood in mammalian organisms. The knowledge gained will act as a reference for future mammalian studies, and also enable an appreciation of this important process from an evolutionary perspective.

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“…It has also been found that over 90% of this trace element present in erythrocytes is bound with carbonic anhydrase and superoxide dismutase [12]. Furthermore, zinc mobilises vitamin A, a potent antioxidant, from the liver, thus maintaining its proper levels in the blood [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zinc is crucial for the proper functioning of approximately 300 hormones and enzymes in the human body [11, 12], the latter representing all the classes taking part in the synthesis and degradation of proteins, carbohydrates, fats and nucleic acids. Zinc constitutes a structural element of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), with four of its atoms being present in the enzyme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study on Zinc Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Mierzecki

Strecker

Radomska

2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The aim of the study was to evaluate zinc levels in three biological compartments (serum, erythrocytes and hair) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as compared to healthy individuals. Zinc levels in serum, erythrocytes and hair (in 74 patients with RA and 30 healthy individuals) were assessed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mean hair zinc content was significantly lower in RA patients as compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.001). Moreover, a positive correlation was observed in the RA patient group between the erythrocyte zinc levels and the prednisone dose (rs = 0.48, p < 0.05), and a negative correlation was found in this population between the serum zinc levels and disease duration (rs = −0.42, p < 0.0006). In conclusion, it seems that hair may be a useful complementary study material for evaluating “zinc status” in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

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An Exploratory Study of Homeschooling in Kansas

Cited by 317 publications

References 4 publications

Modulation of Neuronal Signal Transduction and Memory Formation by Synaptic Zinc

Modulation of Neuronal Signal Transduction and Memory Formation by Synaptic Zinc

Functional studies of Drosophilazinc transporters reveal the mechanism for dietary zinc absorption and regulation

A Pilot Study on Zinc Levels in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

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